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The Potentials and Pitfalls of Using Adult Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 12

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1326))

Abstract

Stem cells play a pivotal role in the developmental stages of an organism and in adulthood as well. Therefore, it is not surprising that stem cells constitute a focus of extensive research. Indeed, several decades of stem cell research have tremendously increased our knowledge on the mechanistic understandings of stem cell biology. Interestingly, revealing the fundamental principles of stem cell biology has also fostered its application for therapeutic purposes. Many of the attributes that the stem cells possess, some of which are unique, allow multifaceted exploitation of stem cells in the treatment of various diseases. Cancer, the leading cause of mortality worldwide, is one of the disease groups that has been benefited by the potentials of therapeutic applications of the stem cells. While the modi operandi of how stem cells contribute to cancer treatment are many-sided, two major principles can be conceived. One mode involves harnessing the regenerative power of the stem cells to promote the generation of blood-forming cells in cancer patients after cytotoxic regimens. A totally different kind of utility of stem cells has been exercised in another mode where the stem cells can potentially deliver a plethora of anti-cancer therapeutics in a tumor-specific manner. While both these approaches can improve the treatment of cancer patients, there exist several issues that warrant further research. This review summarizes the basic principles of the utility of the stem cells in cancer treatment along with the current trends and pinpoints the major obstacles to focus on in the future for further improvement.

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Abbreviations

ALL:

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukemia

bCD:

Bacterial cytosine deaminase

BM:

Bone marrow

CAR:

Coxsackievirus–adenovirus receptor

CNS:

Central nervous system

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EPGT:

Enzyme/prodrug gene therapy

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

GVHD:

Graft-versus-host disease

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HSCs:

Hematopoietic stem cells

HSV-1:

Herpes simplex virus type 1

HSV-TK:

Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

MVBs:

Multi-vesicular bodies

NSCs:

Neural stem cells

OVs :

Oncolytic viruses

PTX:

Paclitaxel

SSCs:

Somatic stem cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Mrinal K. Das

  2. Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Taral R. Lunavat, Hrvoje Miletic & Jubayer A. Hossain

  3. Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

    Hrvoje Miletic & Jubayer A. Hossain

Authors
  1. Mrinal K. Das
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  2. Taral R. Lunavat
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  3. Hrvoje Miletic
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  4. Jubayer A. Hossain
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mrinal K. Das or Jubayer A. Hossain .

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  1. (emeritus), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Das, M.K., Lunavat, T.R., Miletic, H., Hossain, J.A. (2021). The Potentials and Pitfalls of Using Adult Stem Cells in Cancer Treatment. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 12. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1326. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2021_619

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