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Stem Cell and Obesity: Current State and Future Perspective

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 2

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1089))

Abstract

Obesity as a worldwide growing challenge is determined by abnormal fat deposition, which may damage general health. Weight loss and control of related risk factors like type2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome is an important concern in obesity management. Different therapeutic approaches such as lifestyle change, medications, and surgery are introduced for obesity treatment. Despite of gaining partially desirable results, the problem is remained unsolved. Therefore, finding a new approach that can overcome previous limitations is very attractive for both researchers and clinicians. Cell-based therapy using adipose-derived stromal cells seems to be a promising strategy to control obesity and related syndromes. To attain this aim, understanding of different type of adipose tissues, main signaling pathways, and different factors involved in development of adipocyte is essential. Recently, several cell-based methods like stem cell administration, brown adipose tissue transplantation, cell lysates and exosomes have been examined on obese mouse models to manage obesity and related disorders. Successful outcome of such preclinical studies can encourage the cell-based clinical trials in the near future.

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Abbreviations

ADAMTS5:

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 5

ADSC:

Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells

AKR1B10:

Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10

aP2:

Adipocyte protein 2

ASCs:

Adipose derived-stem cells

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

BMI:

Body mass index

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

BMP4:

Bone morphogenic protein 4

C/EBP α (A)/β/δ:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α/β/δ

CB-MSC:

Umbilical cord blood-mesenchymal stem cell

CB-plasma:

Cord blood plasma

CD24:

Cluster of differentiation 24

Cidea:

Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector a

CIT:

Cold induced thermogenesis

Cox2:

Cyclooxygenase 2

CRE:

cAMP response element

CXCL3:

Chemokine(C-X-C motif) ligand3

DIO:

Diet-induced obese

DIT:

Diet-induced thermogenesis

Dlk1:

Delta like non-canonical notch ligand 1

EBF2:

Early B cell factor 2

EHMT1:

Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 1

ENG:

Endoglin (protein)

ERK:

Extra cellular receptor kinase

ES:

Embryonic stem cell

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

FDA:

Food and drug administration

FGF10:

Fibroblast growth factor 10

FPG:

Fasting plasma glucose

FTO:

Fat mass and obesity associated(gene)

H3K9:

Histone H3 lysine 9

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HFD:

High-fat diet

Hh:

Hedgehog

HOXC8:

HomeoboxC8

IDF:

International diabetes federation

IGF1:

Insulin-like growth factor1

IL6:

Interlukine 6

LOX:

lysyl oxidase

M-BA:

MSC-derived BAT

Mef2:

Myocyte enhancer factor 2

miR-196a:

MicroRNA 196a

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells

Myf5:

Myogenic factor 5

NICD:

Notch intracellular domain

NRs:

Number of nuclear receptors

Pax7:

Paired box 7

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

PDGPR α /b:

Platelet derived growth factor receptor α/β

PGCα:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator α

PLIN:

Perilipin

PPAR-γ/G:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ

PPRE:

PPAR response element

PRb/Rb:

Retinoblastoma protein/ retinoblastoma

PRDM16:

PR domain containing 16

PREF1:

Preadipocyte factor 1

RARE:

Retinoic acid response element

RIP:

Receptor interacting protein

SAT:

Subcutaneus white adipose tissue

SMA:

Spinal muscular atrophy

STAT3:

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3

TC1:

Immune response regulator

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor α

TRE:

Thyroid response element

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor beta

UCP1:

Uncoupling protein 1

VAT:

Visceral white adipose tissue

VEAT:

Visceral endothelial adipose tissue

WAT:

White adipose tissue

WHO:

World health organization

Wisp2:

Inducible signaling path-way protein 2

WNT1:

Wingless-type MMTV integration family member 1

Zfp516:

Zinc finger protein 516

P107:

Retinoblastoma-like 1

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge Rasta Arjmand for her assistance in figure design. We also thank Dr. Mohsen khorshidi, and Maryam Afshari for their kind support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Moloud Payab

  2. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Goodarzi

  3. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Najmeh Foroughi Heravani, Mahdieh Hadavandkhani & Babak Arjmand

  4. Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Zeinab Zarei

  5. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Khadijeh Falahzadeh & Babak Arjmand

  6. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

  7. Health Research Institute, Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Fakher Rahim

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    Kursad Turksen

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Payab, M. et al. (2018). Stem Cell and Obesity: Current State and Future Perspective. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 2. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1089. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_227

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