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Tissue Engineered Skin Substitutes

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Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 3

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((CBTMED,volume 1107))

Abstract

The fundamental skin role is to supply a supportive barrier to protect body against harmful agents and injuries. Three layers of skin including epidermis, dermis and hypodermis form a sophisticated tissue composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) mainly made of collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as a scaffold, different cell types such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and functional cells embedded in the ECM. When the skin is injured, depends on its severity, the majority of mentioned components are recruited to wound regeneration. Additionally, different growth factors like fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are needed to orchestrated wound healing process. In case of large surface area wounds, natural wound repair seems inefficient. Inspired by nature, scientists in tissue engineering field attempt to engineered constructs mimicking natural healing process to promote skin restoration in untreatable injuries. There are three main types of commercially available engineered skin substitutes including epidermal, dermal, and dermoepidermal. Each of them could be composed of scaffold, desired cell types or growth factors. These substitutes could have autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic origin. Moreover, they may be cellular or acellular. They are used to accelerate wound healing and recover normal skin functions with pain relief. Although there are a wide variety of commercially available skin substitutes, almost none of them considered as an ideal equivalents required for proper wound healing.

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Abbreviations

3D:

3 Dimensional

LOEX:

Laboratoire d'Or- ganogenese Experimentale

AATB:

American Association of Tissue Banks

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

AMSCs:

Adipose-derived MSCs

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

BMSCs:

Bone marrow-derived MSCs

NK:

Natural killer

CEA:

Cultured epithelial autograft

PCL:

Poly-ε-caprolactone

CSS:

Cultured skin substitutes

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor

CTGF:

Connective tissue growth factor

PDLA:

Poly-D-lactic acid

EB:

Epidermolysis bullosa

PDLLA:

Poly-DL-lactic acid

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

PGA:

Polyglycolic acid

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

PHB:

Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate

FDA:

US Food and Drug Administration

PLA:

Polylactic acid

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

PLCL:

Poly L-lactide-co- ε –caprolactone

FGF-1:

Fibroblast growth factor-1

PLGA:

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid

FGF-2:

Fibroblast growth factor-2

PLLA:

Poly-L-lactic acid

FTSG:

Full-thickness skin grafting

POE:

Polyhydroxyortho esters

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

PU:

Polyurethane

HA:

Hyaluronic acid

PVA:

Poly vinyl alcohol

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

SAPs:

Self-assembling peptides

IL-1:

Interleukin-1

TBSA:

Total body surface area

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

STSG:

Split-thickness skin grafting

IL-8:

Interleukin-8

TGFα:

Transforming growth factor-α

IPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor-β

KGF:

keratinocyte growth factor

UMSCs:

Umbilical cord-derived MSCs

KGF-1:

keratinocyte growth factor-1

UV:

Ultraviolet

LCs:

Langerhans cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Hossein Adibi and Dr. Mohsen Khorshidi, and Rasta Arjmand for their kind help in this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Goodarzi

  2. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Khadijeh Falahzadeh, Mehran Nematizadeh & Parham Farazandeh

  3. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Moloud Payab

  4. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

  5. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Akram Tayanloo Beik & Babak Arjmand

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  1. Parisa Goodarzi
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  2. Khadijeh Falahzadeh
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  8. Babak Arjmand
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Correspondence to Babak Arjmand .

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  1. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Osgoode, ON, Canada

    Kursad Turksen

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Goodarzi, P. et al. (2018). Tissue Engineered Skin Substitutes. In: Turksen, K. (eds) Cell Biology and Translational Medicine, Volume 3. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1107. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_226

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