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Dissolved oxygen electrodes

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Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Volume 13

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering ((ABE,volume 13))

Abstract

Recent advances in theory, construction, operation, and application of dissolved oxygen (DO) electrodes are reviewed to assist those who use or intend to use them in such areas as biochemical engineering, microbiology, and environmental engineering. Basic operating principles of membrane-covered DO electrodes and oxygen microelectrodes are presented together with methods of construction, electrode component selection, and general design considerations. Methods of calibration and effects of temperature and liquid film on electrode performance are also discussed. Sources of measurement errors due to probe characteristics and the reaction in the liquid are discussed to illustrate some of the limitations of DO electrodes. The spacial resolution of oxygen microelectrodes in local concentration measurements is also discussed. Finally, the application of DO electrodes in measuring aeration capacity and oxygen solubility is reviewed.

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Abbreviations

a:

gas-liquid interfacial area

A:

surface area of cathode

A1, A2 :

quantities defined in Eq. (47)

B:

quantity defined in Eq. (61)

B1, B2 :

thermistor constants defined in Eq. (48)

c:

concentration of dissolved oxygen

Cg :

inlet gaseous oxygen concentration

C′g :

oxygen concentration in dispersed gas phase

c0 :

bulk concentration

c1 :

initial concentration

c*:

equilibrium concentration

de :

thickness of electrolyte layer

dL :

thickness of liquid film

dm :

thickness of membrane

\(\mathop {d_t }\limits^ -\) :

equivalent thickness defined by Eq. (20)

\(\mathop d\limits^ -\) :

equivalent thickness defined by Eq. (18)

d′:

equivalent thickness defined by Eq. (5 3)

De :

oxygen diffusivity of electrolyte layer

DL :

oxygen diffusivity of liquid film

Dm :

oxygen diffusivity of membrane

D *m :

oxygen diffusivity of membrane at base temperature

D0 :

oxygen diffusivity of medium

D1, D2 :

oxygen diffusivities

E:

activation energy for oxygen permeation

ED :

activation energy for oxygen diffusion

F:

Faraday's constant (96,500 coulombs/g-equivalent)

G:

gas flow rate

H:

Henry's Law constant

H:

heat of solution

I:

oxygen current

IG :

probe current in gas phase

IL :

probe current in liquid phase

Is :

steady-state current

It :

transient current

IT :

oxygen current as function of temperature

J:

oxygen flux

k:

probe constant defined by Eqs. (11) or (19)

ke :

mass transfer coefficient of electrolyte layer

kL :

liquid phase mass transfer coefficient

kLM :

mass transfer coefficient of liquid film around membrane

KM :

Michaelis-Menten constant

km :

mass transfer coefficient of membrane

k0 :

zeroth order reaction constant

K0 :

overall mass transfer coefficient

L:

quantity defined by Eq. (55)

N:

number of electrons per mole of oxygen reduced

p:

oxygen partial pressure

pe :

oxygen partial pressure at electrolyte/membrane interface

pm :

oxygen partial pressure at membrane/liquid interface

p′m :

xygen partial pressure defined by Eq. (57)

p0 :

oxygen partial pressure of bulk medium

Pe :

oxygen permeability of electrolyte layer

PL :

oxygen permeability of liquid film

Pm :

oxygen permeability of membrane

r:

distance from center of cathode

r0 :

radius of cathode

R:

gas law constant or reaction rate

RL :

oad resistance

RT :

resistance of thermistor

s:

quantity defined by Eq. (29)

Sm :

oxygen solubility of membrane

S *m :

oxygen solubility of membrane at base temperature

S0 :

oxygen solubility of medium

Sw :

oxygen solubility of water

t:

time

T:

absolute temperature

v:

liquid velocity

vc :

critical liquid velocity

V:

voltage drop

Vg :

volume of gas absorbed

VG :

volume of dispersed gas phase

VL :

volume of liquid

Vs :

volume of absorbing solvent

VT :

voltage drop across thermistor

x:

distance from the surface of cathode

a:

Bunsen coefficient defined by Eq. (36)

μ1, μ2:

liquid viscosities

Γ95% :

95% response time

Γ:

normalized probe response defined by Eq. (39)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Young H. Lee

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA

    George T. Tsao

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  1. Young H. Lee
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T. K. Ghose N. Blakebrough A. Fiechter

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Lee, Y.H., Tsao, G.T. (1979). Dissolved oxygen electrodes. In: Ghose, T.K., Blakebrough, N., Fiechter, A. (eds) Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Volume 13. Advances in Biochemical Engineering, vol 13. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3540094687_6

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