Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Aherne GW et al (1996) Immunoreactive dUMP and TTP pools as an index of thymidylate synthase inhibition; effect of tomudex (ZD1694) and a nonpolyglutamated quinazoline antifolate (CB30900) in L1210 mouse leukaemia cells. Biochem Pharmacol 51:1293–1301

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allan PW, Bennett LL Jr (1971) 6-Methylthioguanylic acid, a metabolite of 6-thioguanine. Biochem Pharmacol 20:847–852

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allegra CJ et al (1985a) Enhanced inhibition of thymidylate synthase by methotrexate polyglutamates. J Biol Chem 260:9720–9726

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allegra CJ et al (1985b) Inhibition of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide transformylase by methotrexate and dihydrofolic acid polyglutamates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:4881–4885

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bagshaw MA (1961) Possible role of potentiators in radiation therapy. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 85:822–833

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker CH et al (1991) 2’-Deoxy-2’-methylenecytidine and 2’-deoxy-2’,2’-difluorocytidine 5’-diphosphates: potent mechanism-based inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase. J Med Chem 34:1879–1884

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bebenek K et al (1992) The effects of dNTP pool imbalances on frameshift fidelity during DNA replication. J Biol Chem 267:3589–3596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry RJ (1966) Effects of some metabolic inhibitors on X-ray dose-response curves for the survival of mammalian cells in vitro, and on early recovery between fractionated X-ray doses. Br J Radiol 39:458–463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bischof M et al (2002) Interaction of pemetrexed disodium (ALIMTA, multitargeted antifolate) and irradiation in vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 52:1381–1388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bischof M et al (2004) Triple combination of irradiation, chemotherapy (pemetrexed), and VEGFR inhibition (SU5416) in human endothelial and tumor cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 60:1220–1232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum JL (2001) The role of capecitabine, an oral, enzymatically activated fluoropyrimidine, in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Oncologist 6:56–64

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruso CE et al (1990) Fluorodeoxyuridine-induced radiosensitization and inhibition of DNA double strand break repair in human colon cancer cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19:1411–1417

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buchsbaum DJ et al (2002) Treatment of pancreatic cancer xenografts with Erbitux (IMC-C225) anti-EGFR antibody, gemcitabine, and radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54:1180–1193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byfield JE et al (1982) Pharmacologic requirements for obtaining sensitization of human tumor cells in vitro to combined 5-Fluorouracil or ftorafur and X-rays. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 8:1923–1933

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao S et al (1999) Persistent induction of apoptosis and suppression of mitosis as the basis for curative therapy with S-1, an oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug in a colorectal tumor model. Clin Cancer Res 5:267–274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cappella P et al (2001) Cell cycle effects of gemcitabine. Int J Cancer 93:401–408

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chabner BA et al (1985) Polyglutamation of methotrexate. Is methotrexate a prodrug? J Clin Invest 76:907–912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Childs HA et al (2000) A phase I study of combined UFT plus leucovorin and radiotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:939–944

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chu E et al (1996) New concepts for the development and use of antifolates. Stem Cells 14:41–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JS et al (1999) Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85-01). Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. J Am Med Assoc 281:1623–1627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crino L et al (1999) Gemcitabine as second-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 17:2081–2085

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doong SL, Dolnick BJ (1988) 5-Fluorouracil substitution alters pre-mRNA splicing in vitro. J Biol Chem 263:4467–4473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Endo M et al (1999) Induction of thymidine phosphorylase expression and enhancement of efficacy of capecitabine or 5’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine by cyclophosphamide in mammary tumor models. Int J Cancer 83:127–134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujii S et al (1979) Effect of coadministration of uracil or cytosine on the anti-tumor activity of clinical doses of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and level of 5-fluorouracil in rodents. Gann 70:209–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima M et al (1998) Anticancer activity and toxicity of S-1, an oral combination of tegafur and two biochemical modulators, compared with continuous i.v. infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Anticancer Drugs 9:817–823

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (1988) Treatment of locally unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas: comparison of combined-modality therapy (chemotherapy plus radiotherapy) to chemotherapy alone. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:751–755

    Google Scholar 

  • Gatzemeier U et al (1996) Activity of gemcitabine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a multicentre, extended phase II study. Eur J Cancer 32A:243–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gollin FF et al (1972) Combined therapy in advanced head and neck cancer: a randomized study. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 114:83–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez Baron M et al (1993) Phase I study of UFT plus leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer: a double modulation proposal. Anticancer Res 13:759–762

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall TC et al (1967) A clinical pharmacologic study of chemotherapy and X-ray therapy in lung cancer. Am J Med 43:186–193

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanauske AR et al (2001) Pemetrexed disodium: a novel antifolate clinically active against multiple solid tumors. Oncologist 6:363–373

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haraguchi M et al (1994) Angiogenic activity of enzymes. Nature 368:198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hazarika M et al (2005) Pemetrexed in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 11:982–992

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heidelberger CL et al (1958) Studies on fluorinated pyrimidines. II. Effects on transplanted tumors. Cancer Res 18:305–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heimburger DK et al (1991) The effect of fluorodeoxyuridine on sublethal damage repair in human colon cancer cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 21:983–987

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinemann V et al (1988) Comparison of the cellular pharmacokinetics and toxicity of 2’,2’-difluorodeoxycytidine and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Cancer Res 48:4024–4031

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinemann V et al (1990) Inhibition of ribonucleotide reduction in CCRF-CEM cells by 2’,2’-difluorodeoxycytidine. Mol Pharmacol 38:567–572

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helsper JT, Sharp GS (1962) Combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil and cobalt-60 for inoperable carcinoma of the lungs. Cancer Chemother Rep 20:103–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hertel LW et al (1990) Evaluation of the antitumor activity of gemcitabine (2’,2’-difluoro-2’-deoxycytidine). Cancer Res 50:4417–4422

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho DH et al (2000) Oral uracil and Ftorafur plus leucovorin: pharmacokinetics and toxicity in patients with metastatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 46:351–356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hochster H et al (2005) Phase I/II dose-escalation study of pemetrexed plus irinotecan in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 5:257–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoff PM et al (2001) Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 19:2282–2292

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houghton JA et al (1995) Ratio of 2’-deoxyadenosine-5’-triphosphate/thymidine-5’-triphosphate influences the commitment of human colon carcinoma cells to thymineless death. Clin Cancer Res 1:723–730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang P et al (1991) Action of 2’,2’-difluorodeoxycytidine on DNA synthesis. Cancer Res 51:6110–6117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ichinose Y et al (2005) UFT plus gemcitabine combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multi-institutional phase II trial. Br J Cancer 93:770–773

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iliakis G et al (1989) Mechanism of radiosensitization by halogenated pyrimidines: effect of BrdU on radiation induction of DNA and chromosome damage and its correlation with cell killing. Radiat Res 119:286–304

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jin S, Levine AJ (2001) The p53 functional circuit. J Cell Sci 114:4139–4140

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jolivet J et al (1983) The pharmacology and clinical use of methotrexate. N Engl J Med 309:1094–1104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanamaru R et al (1986) The inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil on the metabolism of preribosomal and ribosomal RNA in L-1210 cells in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 17:43–46

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaye SB (1994) Gemcitabine: current status of phase I and II trials. J Clin Oncol 12:1527–1531

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitazono M et al (1998) Prevention of hypoxia-induced apoptosis by the angiogenic factor thymidine phosphorylase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 253:797–803

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kremer JM (1994) The mechanism of action of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: the search continues. J Rheumatol 21:1–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krook JE et al (1991) Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma. N Engl J Med 324:709–715

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kunz BA (1982) Genetic effects of deoxyribonucleotide pool imbalances. Environ Mutagen 4:695–725

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latz D et al (1998) Radiosensitizing potential of gemcitabine (2’,2’-difluoro-2’-deoxycytidine) within the cell cycle in vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41:875–882

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence TS et al (1996) Radiosensitization of pancreatic cancer cells by 2’,2’-difluoro-2’-deoxycytidine.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 34:867–872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence TS et al (1997) Delayed radiosensitization of human colon carcinoma cells after a brief exposure to 2’,2’-difluoro-2’-deoxycytidine (Gemcitabine). Clin Cancer Res 3:777–782

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lennard L (1992) The clinical pharmacology of 6-mercaptopurine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 43:329–339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levine AJ (1997) p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell 88:323–331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ling LL, Ward JF (1990) Radiosensitization of Chinese hamster V79 cells by bromodeoxyuridine substitution of thymidine: enhancement of radiation-induced toxicity and DNA strand break production by monofilar and bifilar substitution. Radiat Res 121:76–83

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linke SP et al (1997) p53 mediates permanent arrest over multiple cell cycles in response to gamma-irradiation. Cancer Res 57:1171–1179

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longley DB et al (2003) 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer 3:330–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malet-Martino M, Martino R (2002) Clinical studies of three oral prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil (capecitabine, UFT, S-1): a review. Oncologist 7:288–323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martomo SA, Mathews CK (2002) Effects of biological DNA precursor pool asymmetry upon accuracy of DNA replication in vitro. Mutat Res 499:197–211

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason KA et al (1999) Maximizing therapeutic gain with gemcitabine and fractionated radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 44:1125–1135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendelsohn LG et al (1999) Enzyme inhibition, polyglutamation, and the effect of LY231514 (MTA) on purine biosynthesis. Semin Oncol 26(2 Suppl 6):42–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Merlin T et al (1998) Cell cycle arrest in ovarian cancer cell lines does not depend on p53 status upon treatment with cytostatic drugs. Int J Oncol 13:1007–1016

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RC et al (2002) Acute diarrhea during adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: a detailed analysis from a randomized intergroup trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54:409–413

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitrovski B et al (1994) Biochemical effects of folate-based inhibitors of thymidylate synthase in MGH-U1 cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 35:109–114

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miwa M et al (1998) Design of a novel oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate, capecitabine, which generates 5-fluorouracil selectively in tumours by enzymes concentrated in human liver and cancer tissue. Eur J Cancer 34:1274–1281

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moertel CG et al (1969) Combined 5-fluorouracil and supervoltage radiation therapy of locally unresectable gastrointestinal cancer. Lancet 2:865–867

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moertel CG et al (1981) Therapy of locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma: a randomized comparison of high dose (6000 rads) radiation alone, moderate dose radiation (4000 rads + 5-fluorouracil), and high dose radiation + 5-fluorouracil: The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Cancer 48:1705–1710

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moghaddam A et al (1995) Thymidine phosphorylase is angiogenic and promotes tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:998–1002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monnerat C et al (2004) Phase II study of pemetrexed-gemcitabine combination in patients with advanced-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 10:5439–5446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muggia FM et al (1996) Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral UFT, a combination of the 5-fluorouracil prodrug tegafur and uracil. Clin Cancer Res 2:1461–1467

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naida JD et al (1998) The effect of activation of wild-type p53 function on fluoropyrimidine-mediated radiosensitization. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 41:675–680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connell MJ et al (1994) Improving adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer by combining protracted-infusion fluorouracil with radiation therapy after curative surgery. N Engl J Med 331:502–507

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oettle H et al (2005) A phase III trial of pemetrexed plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine in patients with unresectable or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol 16:1639–1645

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostruszka LJ, Shewach DS (2000) The role of cell cycle progression in radiosensitization by 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine. Cancer Res 60:6080–6088

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pauwels B et al (2003) Cell cycle effect of gemcitabine and its role in the radiosensitizing mechanism in vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57:1075–1083

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlik TM, Keyomarsi K (2004) Role of cell cycle in mediating sensitivity to radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 59:928–942

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pazdur R et al (1998) Phase I trial of uracil-tegafur (UFT) plus oral leucovorin: 28-day schedule. Cancer Invest 16:145–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plunkett W et al (1995) Preclinical characteristics of gemcitabine. Anticancer Drugs 6(Suppl 6):7–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson BW, Shewach DS (2001) Radiosensitization by gemcitabine in p53 wild-type and mutant MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 7:2581–2589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal DI et al (2000) Postoperative radiation therapy for rectal cancer combined with UFT/leucovorin. Oncology (Williston Park) 14(10 Suppl 9):59–62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosier JF et al (2004) Role of 2′-2′ difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine)-induced cell cycle dysregulation in radioenhancement of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Radiother Oncol 70:55–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothenberg ML et al (1996) A phase II trial of gemcitabine in patients with 5-FU-refractory pancreas cancer. Ann Oncol 7:347–353

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rube CE et al (2004) Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a cause of lung toxicity after combined treatment with gemcitabine and thoracic irradiation. Radiother Oncol 72:231–241

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sak A et al (2000) Protection of DNA from radiation-induced double-strand breaks: influence of replication and nuclear proteins. Int J Radiat Biol 76:749–756

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santi DV, Hardy LW (1987) Catalytic mechanism and inhibition of tRNA (uracil-5-) methyltransferase: evidence for covalent catalysis. Biochemistry 26:8599–8606

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santi DV, McHenry CS et al (1974) Mechanism of interaction of thymidylate synthetase with 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate. Biochemistry 13:471–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato Y et al (1970) Combined surgery, radiotherapy, and regional chemotherapy in carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses. Cancer 25:571–579

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawada N et al (1998) Induction of thymidine phosphorylase activity and enhancement of capecitabine efficacy by taxol/taxotere in human cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 4:1013–1019

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawada N et al (1999) X-ray irradiation induces thymidine phosphorylase and enhances the efficacy of capecitabine (Xeloda) in human cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 5:2948–2953

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scagliotti GV et al (2005) Pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin or carboplatin as first-line treatment in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer: a multicenter, randomized, phase II trial. Clin Cancer Res 11:690–696

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schuller J et al (2000) Preferential activation of capecitabine in tumor following oral administration to colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 45:291–297

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Segal R et al (1990) Methotrexate: mechanism of action in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 20:190–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shewach DS, Lawrence TS (1995) Radiosensitization of human tumor cells by gemcitabine in vitro. Semin Oncol 22(4 Suppl 11):68–71

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shewach DS et al (1992a) Nucleotide specificity of human deoxycytidine kinase. Mol Pharmacol 42:518–524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shewach DS et al (1992b) Decrease in TTP pools mediated by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine exposure in a human glioblastoma cell line. Biochem Pharmacol 43:1579–1585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shewach DS et al (1994) Metabolism of 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxycytidine and radiation sensitization of human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 54:3218–3223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shih C et al (1997) LY231514, a pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinebased antifolate that inhibits multiple folate-requiring enzymes. Cancer Res 57:1116–1123

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shirasaka T et al (1993) Inhibition by oxonic acid of gastrointestinal toxicity of 5-fluorouracil without loss of its antitumor activity in rats. Cancer Res 53:4004–4009

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair WK (1968a) The combined effect of hydroxyurea and X-rays on Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Cancer Res 28:198–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair WK (1968b) Cyclic X-ray responses in mammalian cells in vitro. Radiat Res 33:620–643

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith TJ et al (1998) Combined chemoradiotherapy vs radiotherapy alone for early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:269–276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer H, Santi DV (1974) Purification and amino acid analysis of an active site peptide from thymidylate synthetase containing covalently bound 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate and methylenetetrahydrofolate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 57:689–695

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stein JJ, Kaufman J (1968) The treatment of carcinoma of the bladder with special reference to the use of preoperative radiation therapy combined with 5-fluorouracil. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 102:519–529

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swann PF et al (1996) Role of postreplicative DNA mismatch repair in the cytotoxic action of thioguanine. Science 273:1109–1111

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi T (1997) Clinical application of biochemical modulation in cancer chemotherapy: biochemical modulation for 5-FU. Oncology 54(Suppl 1):12–18

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takebayashi Y et al (1996) Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of an angiogenic factor, thymidine phosphorylase, in human colorectal carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1110–1117

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takechi T et al (1997) Antitumor activity and low intestinal toxicity of S-1, a new formulation of oral tegafur, in experimental tumor models in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 39:205–211

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tatsumi K et al (1987) Inhibitory effects of pyrimidine, barbituric acid and pyridine derivatives on 5-fluorouracil degradation in rat liver extracts. Jpn J Cancer Res 78:748–755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tay BS et al (1969) Inhibition of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase from Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells by thiopurine nucleotides. Biochem Pharmacol 18:936–938

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tolis C et al (1999) Cell cycle disturbances and apoptosis induced by topotecan and gemcitabine on human lung cancer cell lines. Eur J Cancer 35:796–807

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Cutsem E et al (2001) Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large phase III study. J Clin Oncol 19:4097–4106

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vermund H et al (1961) Effects of combined roentgen irradiation and chemotherapy on transplanted tumors in mice. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 85:599–607

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolmark N et al (2000) Randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for carcinoma of the rectum: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol R-02. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:388–396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka A et al (1987) Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate imbalance. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine-induced DNA double strand breaks in mouse FM3A cells and the mechanism of cell death. J Biol Chem 262:8235–8241

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harada, H., Shibuya, K., Hiraoka, M. (2006). Combinations of Antimetabolites and Ionizing Radiation. In: Brown, J.M., Mehta, M.P., Nieder, C. (eds) Multimodal Concepts for Integration of Cytotoxic Drugs. Medical Radiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35662-2_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-35662-2_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-25655-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-35662-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics