Abstract
Observations of transition region and coronal emission show that the onset of activity in main sequence stars occurs at about spectral type FO or Teff = 7200 K. A few hotter stars are active, but there is no observational evidence of non-radiative heating in most A-type stars. Nearly all F-type stars in the temperature range 6600 K < Teff < 7200 K are active, an unexpected result given their shallow convection zones. In these stars, the total non-radiative flux does not correlate with rotation, Rossby number, or age, and so the bulk of the non-radiative heating in these stars may not be a consequence of stellar dynamos. An alternative possibility is acoustic heating, but acoustic models at the current state of their development cannot account in detail for the observations.
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Wolff, S.C. (1987). Activity in stars with shallow convection zones: The early F-type stars. In: Linsky, J.L., Stencel, R.E. (eds) Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 291. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-18653-0_137
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-18653-0_137
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