Abstract
Sports-related trauma may have a significant impact on both function and aesthetics of the maxillofacial region. Although the majority of sports-related maxilla-facial injuries are of minor nature, such as soft tissue lacerations, dentoalveolar fractures and minor facial bone fractures, sports-related facial fractures are reported to account up to 42% of all facial bone fractures. This article highlights the injury mechanism in different sports-related facial trauma. In addition, it provides an overview of the imaging strategy and classification systems of dental, mandibular and maxillofacial injuries and fractures as a framework for an effective radiological approach and clinically beneficial reports. The key imaging features that are critical for clinical management are emphasized.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alimohammadi R (2018) Imaging of dentoalveolar and jaw trauma. Radiol Clin N Am 56(1):105–124
Bak MJ, Doerr TD (2004) Craniomaxillofacial fractures during recreational baseball and softball. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62(10):1209–1212
Barr A, Baines PS, Desai P et al (2000) Ocular sports injuries: the current picture. Br J Sports Med 34(6):456–458
Bobian MR, Hanba CJ, Svider PF, Hojjat H, Folbe AJ, Eloy JA, Shkoukani MA (2016) Soccer-related facial trauma: a nationwide perspective. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 125(12):992–996
Delilbasi C, Yamazawa M, Nomura K et al (2004) Maxillofacial fractures sustained during sports played with a ball. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 97(1):23–27
Dobitsch AA, Oleck NC, Liu FC, Halsey JN, Hoppe IC, Lee ES, Granick MS (2019) Sports-related pediatric facial trauma: analysis of facial fracture pattern and concomitant injuries. Surg J (N Y) 5(4):e146–e149
Doğan MS, Callea M, Kusdhany LS, Aras A, Maharani DA, Mandasari M, Adiatman M, Yavuz I (2018) The evaluation of root fracture with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): an epidemiological study. J Clin Exp Dent 10(1):e41–e48
Dreizin D, Nam AJ, Tirada N, Levin MD, Stein DM, Bodanapally UK, Mirvis SE, Munera F (2016) Multidetector CT of mandibular fractures, reductions, and complications: a clinically relevant primer for the radiologist. Radiographics 36(5):1539–1564
Emshoff R, Schoning H, Rothler G et al (1997) Trends in the incidence and cause of sport-related mandibular fractures: a retrospective analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 55(6):585–592
Flanders RA, Bhat M (1995) The incidence of orofacial injuries in sports: a pilot study in Illinois. J Am Dent Assoc 126(4):491–496
Gassner R, Hackl W, Tuli T et al (1999) Facial injuries in skiing. A retrospective study of 549 cases. Sports Med 27(2):127–134
Gassner R, Tuli T, Emshoff R et al (1999) Mountainbiking–a dangerous sport: comparison with bicycling on oral and maxillofacial trauma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 28(3):188–191
Gassner R, Tuli T, Hachl O et al (2004) Craniomaxillofacial trauma in children: a review of 3,385 cases with 6,060 injuries in 10 years. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62(4):399–407
Greenberg AM, Haug RH (2005) Craniofacial injuries. In: Scuderi GR, McCann PD (eds) Sports medicine: a comprehensive approach, 2nd edn. Mosby, Philadelphia, pp 132–151
Hill CM, Burford K, Martin A et al (1998) A one-year review of maxillofacial sports injuries treated at an accident and emergency department. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 36(1):44–47
Hojjat H, Svider PF, Lin HS, Folbe AJ, Shkoukani MA, Eloy JA, Zuliani G (2016) Adding injury to insult: a national analysis of combat sport-related facial injury. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 125(8):652–659
Kurtz MD, Camp JH, Andreasen JO (2005) Dental injuries. In: Scuderi GR, McCann PD (eds) Sports medicine: a comprehensive approach, 2nd edn. Mosby, Philadelphia, pp 152–178
Lanzi GL (2017) Facial injuries in sports, soft tissue injuries (Abrasions, Contusions, Lacerations). Clin Sports Med 36(2):287–298
Lechner M, Sutton L, Fishman JM, Kaylie DM, Moon RE, Masterson L, Klingmann C, Birchall MA, Lund VJ, Rubin JS (2018) Otorhinolaryngology and diving-part 1: otorhinolaryngological hazards related to compressed gas scuba diving: a review. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 144(3):252–258
Lim LH, Moore MH, Trott JA et al (1993) Sports-related facial fractures: a review of 137 patients. Aust N Z J Surg 63(10):784–789
Lock JZ, Hegde R, Young S, Lim TC, Amrith S, Sundar G (2017) A study of sports-related orbital fractures in Singapore. Orbit 36(5):301–306
Loureiro RM, Naves EA, Zanello RF, Sumi DV, Gomes RLE, Daniel MM (2019) Dental emergencies: a practical guide. Radiographics 39(6):1782–1795
Maladiere E, Bado F, Meningaud JP et al (2001) Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures sustained during sports: a prospective study of 140 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 30(4):291–295
Marston AP, O’Brien EK, Hamilton GS 3rd (2017) Nasal injuries in sports. Clin Sports Med 36(2):337–353
Miracle AC, Mukherji SK (2009) Cone beam CT of the head and neck, part 1: physical principles. Am J Neuroradiol 30:1285–1292
Park SJ, Park KH, Heo JW, Woo SJ (2014) Visual and anatomic outcomes of golf ball-related ocular injuries. Eye (Lond) 28(3):312–317
Patel R, Reid RR, Poon CS (2012) Multidetector computed tomography of maxillofacial fractures: the key to high-impact radiological reporting. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 33(5):410–417
Piccininni P, Clough A, Padilla R, Piccininni G (2017) Dental and orofacial injuries. Clin Sports Med 36(2):369–405
Rhea JT, Novelline RA (2005) How to simplify the CT diagnosis of Le fort fractures. AJR Am J Roentgenol 184(5):1700–1705
Ruslin M, Boffano P, ten Brincke YJ, Forouzanfar T, Brand HS (2016) Sport-related maxillo-facial fractures. J Craniofac Surg 27(1):e91–e94
Sane J (1988) Comparison of maxillofacial and dental injuries in four contact team sports: American football, bandy, basketball, and handball. Am J Sports Med 16(6):647–651
Schuknecht B, Graetz K (2005) Radiologic assessment of maxillofacial, mandibular, and skull base trauma. Eur Radiol 15(3):560–568
Shintaku WH, Venturin JS, Azevedo B, Noujeim M (2009) Applications of cone-beam computed tomography in fractures of the maxillofacial complex. Dent Traumatol 25(4):358–366
Som PM, Brandwein MS (2003) Facial fractures and postoperative findings. In: Som PM, Curtin HD (eds) Head and neck imaging, 4th edn. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 374–438
Tuli T, Hachl O, Hohlrieder M et al (2002) Dentofacial trauma in sport accidents. Gen Dent 50(3):274–279
Ueeck BA, Dierks EJ, Homer LD et al (2004) Patterns of maxillofacial injuries related to interaction with horses. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62(6):693–696
Viozzi CF (2017) Maxillofacial and mandibular fractures in sports. Clin Sports Med 36(2):355–368
White S, Pharoah M (2000) Trauma to teeth and facial structures. In: White S, Pharoah M (eds) Oral radiology: principles and interpretation, 4th edn. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 566–587
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bernaerts, A., Veys, B., Abeloos, J., Dhont, K., Casselman, J., De Foer, B. (2020). Sports-Related Maxillofacial Injuries. In: Vanhoenacker, F.M., Maas, M., Gielen, J.L. (eds) Imaging of Orthopedic Sports Injuries. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2020_261
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2020_261
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-75361-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-75362-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)