Skip to main content

Combined Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: Theoretical Considerations and Biological Premises

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Radiation Oncology in Lung Cancer

Part of the book series: Medical Radiology ((Med Radiol Radiat Oncol))

Abstract

Starting point for full realization of clinical achievements of combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer is nothing but full understanding of general theoretical consideration as well as basic radiobiological premises of combined radiation and chemotherapy. Both are nowadays considered as mandatory ingredients in any consideration of combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer, as well as cancers in other tumour sites. More than 30 years ago, four basic mechanisms through which radiation therapy and chemotherapy can interact were established including spatial cooperation, independent cell kill, protection of normal tissues and enhancement of tumor response, the latter frequently replaced by terms such as radiosensitization or radio enhancement. Clinical evidence supports importance of exploitable mechanisms, although protection of normal tissue has never been proven. Novel radiation therapy technologies, occasionally changing fractionation pattern and new drugs/compounds will set the stage and scene for further verification of basic principles of combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy in clinical research of lung cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akerley W, Herndon JE Jr, Lyss AP, Choy H, Turrisi A, Graziano S, Williams T, Zhang C, Vokes EE, Green MR (2005) Induction paclitaxel/carboplatin followed by concurrent chemoradiation therapy for unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a limited-access study–CALGB 9534. Clin Lung Cancer 7:47–53

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belani CP, Wang W, Johnson DH (2005) Phase III study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG 2597): induction chemotherapy followed by either standard thoracic radiotherapy or hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for patients with unresectable stage IIIA and B non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:3760–3767

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JM (2001) Therapeutic targets in radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 49:319–326

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byhardt RW, Scott CB, Ettinger DS (1995) Concurrent hyperfractionated irradiation and chemotherapy for unresectable nonsmall cell lung cancer. Results of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 90-15. Cancer 75:2337–2344

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Byhardt RW, Scott C, Sause WT (1998) Response, toxicity, failure patterns, and survival in five Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials of sequential and/or concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:469–478

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Pandya K, Keng PC, Johnstone D, Li J, Lee Y-J (2003) Phase I/II clinical study of pulsed paclitaxel radiosensitization for thoracic malignancy: a therapeutic approach on the basis of preclinical research of human cancer cell lines. Clin Cancer Res 9:969–975

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choy H, Akerley W, Safran H et al (1998) Multiinstitutional phase II trial of paclitaxel, carboplatin and concurrent radiation therapy for locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 16:3316–3322

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choy H, Devore RW 3rd, Hande KR et al (2000) A phase II study of paclitaxel, carboplatin and hyperfractionated radiation therapy for locally advanced inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (a Vanderbilt Cancer Center Affiliate Network study). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:931–937

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clamon G, Herndon J, Cooper R (1999) Radiosensitization with carboplatin for patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Cancer and Leukemia group B and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 17:4–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Curran WJ Jr, Scott C, Langer C, Komaki R, Lee JS, Hauser S (2000) Phase III comparison of sequential Vs cancer (NSCLC): initial report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group concurrent chemoradiation for patients with unresected stage III non-small cell lung (RTOG). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19:484a (Abstract 1891)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dillman RO, Seagren SL, Propert KJ, Guerra J, Eaton WL, Perry MC (1990) A randomized trial of induction chemotherapy plus high-dose radiation versus radiation alone in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 323:940–945

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furuse K, Fukuoka M, Kawahara M, Nishikawa H, Takada Y, Kudoh S (1999) Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with mitomycin, vindesine and cisplatin in unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17:2692–2699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furuse K, Hosoe S, Masuda N, Sugiura S, Yokota K, Ohbayashi M (2000) Impact of tumor control on survival in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) and chemotherapy (CT). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19:484a (Abstract 1893)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gandara DR, Chansky K, Albain KS et al (2006) Long-term survival with concurrent chemoradiation therapy followed by consolidation docetaxel in stage IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II Southwest Oncology Group study (S9504). Clin Lung Cancer 8:116–121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna N, Neubauer M, Yiannoutsos C, McGarry R, Arseneau J, Ansari R, Reynolds C, Govindan R, Melnyk A, Fisher W, Richards D, Bruetman D, Anderson T, Chowhan N, Nattam S, Mantravadi P, Johnson C, Breen T, White A, Einhorn L, Hoosier Oncology Group; US Oncology (2008) Phase III study of cisplatin, etoposide and concurrent chest radiation with or without consolidation docetaxel in patients with inoperable stage III non small-cell lung cancer: the Hoosier Oncology Group and U.S. Oncology. J Clin Oncol 26:5755–5760

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang SM, Harari PM (1999) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in cancer therapy: biology, rationale and preliminary clinical results. Invest New Drugs 17:259–269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Acimovic L, Djuric L (1995) Randomized trial of hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 13:452–458

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Acimovic L, Milisavljevic S (1996) Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent low-dose daily carboplatin/etoposide for stage III non small cell lung cancer: a randomized study. J Clin Oncol 14:1065–1070

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishi K, Petersen S, Petersen C, Hunter N, Mason K, Masferrer JL (2000) Preferential enhancement of tumor radioresponse by a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Cancer Res 60:1326–1331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komaki R, Scott C, Ettinger D et al (1997) Randomized study of chemotherapy/radiation therapy combinations for favorable patients with locally advanced inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 92–04. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 38:149–155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lau D, Leigh B, Gandara D, Edelman M, Morgan R, Israel V (2001) Twice-weekly paclitaxel and weekly carboplatin with concurrent thoracic radiation followed by carboplatin/paclitaxel consolidation for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a California Cancer Consortium phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 19:42–447

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Chevalier T, Arriagada R, Tarayre M, Lacombe-Terrier MJ, Laplanche A, Quoix W (1992) Significant effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in locally advanced non small cell lung carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:58 (letter)

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JS, Scott C, Komaki R et al (1996) Concurrent chemoradiation therapy with oral etoposide and cisplatin for locally advanced inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocol 91–06. J Clin Oncol 14:1055–1064

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milas L (2001) Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme inhibitors as potential enhancers of tumor radioresponse. Semin Radiat Oncol 11:290–299

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qiao WB, Zhao YB, Zhao YH, Wang RZ (2005) Clinical and dosimetric factors of radiation induced esophageal injury: radiation-induced esophageal toxicity. World J Gastroenterol 11:2626–2629

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raju U, Nakata E, Yang P, Newman RA, Ang KK, Milas L (2002) In vitro enhancement of tumor cell radiosensitivity by a selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme: mechanistic considerations. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 54:886–894

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sause WT, Scott C, Taylor S, Johnson D, Livingston R, Komaki R (1995) Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 88–08 and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 4588: preliminary results of a phase III trial in regionally advanced, unresectable nonsmall cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:198–205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaake-Koning C, van der Bogaert W, Dalesio O, Festen J, Hoogenhout J, van Houtte P (1992) Effects of concomitant cisplatin and radiotherapy on inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 326:524–530

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sekine I, Nokihara H, Sumi M, Saijo N, Nishiwaki Y, Ishikura S, Mori K, Tsukiyama I, Tamura T (2006) Docetaxel consolidation therapy following cisplatin, vinorelbine, and concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 1:810–815

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Socinski MA, Blackstock AW, Bogart JA, Wang X, Munley M, Rosenman J, Gu L, Masters GA, Ungaro P, Sleeper A, Green M, Miller AA, Vokes EE (2008) Randomized phase II trial of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemotherapy and dose-escalated thoracic conformal radiotherapy (74 Gy) in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: CALGB 30105. J Clin Oncol 26:2457–2463

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steel GG, Peckham MJ (1979) Exploitable mechanisms in combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy: the concept of additivity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 5:85–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vokes EE, Herndon JE 2nd, Crawford J, Leopold KA, Perry MC, Miller AA, Green MR (2002) Randomized phase II study of cisplatin with gemcitabine or paclitaxel or vinorelbine as induction chemotherapy followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy for stage IIIB non small-cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 9431. J Clin Oncol 20:4191–4198

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Branislav Jeremic .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jeremic, B., Milanovic, D., Filipovic, N. (2011). Combined Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: Theoretical Considerations and Biological Premises. In: Jeremic, B. (eds) Advances in Radiation Oncology in Lung Cancer. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_297

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2011_297

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19924-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19925-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics