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Lipids in Exosome Biology

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Lipid Signaling in Human Diseases

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 259))

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), and exosomes in particular, were initially considered as “garbage bags” for secretion of undesired cellular components. This view has changed considerably over the last two decades, and exosomes have now emerged as important organelles controlling cell-to-cell signaling. They are present in biological fluids and have important roles in the communication between cells in physiological and pathological processes. They are envisioned for clinical use as carriers of biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and vehicles for drug delivery. Important efforts are being made to characterize the contents of these vesicles and to understand the mechanisms that govern their biogenesis and modes of action. This chapter aims to recapitulate the place given to lipids in our understanding of exosome biology. Besides their structural role and their function as carriers, certain lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes seem to exert privileged functions in this mode of cellular communication. By extension, the use of selective “lipid inhibitors” might turn out to be interesting modulators of exosomal-based cell signaling.

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Acknowledgments

Work in the laboratory of PZ is supported by grants from the Institut National du Cancer (INCa, Subvention 2013-105), the French Foundation for Cancer Research (ARC Grant PJA 20161204584), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-18-CE13-0017, Project SynTEV), the Fund for Scientific Research–Flanders (FWO Grants G.0846.15 and G0C5718N), and the Belgian Foundation Against Cancer (STK Grant 2016-104). Antonio Luis EGEA-JIMENEZ was recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship of La Ligue contre le Cancer (France). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 747025.

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  1. Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2018, Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille, France

    Antonio Luis Egea-Jimenez & Pascale Zimmermann

  2. Department of Human Genetics, K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

    Antonio Luis Egea-Jimenez & Pascale Zimmermann

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  1. Antonio Luis Egea-Jimenez
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Correspondence to Pascale Zimmermann .

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA

    Julian Gomez-Cambronero

  2. Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Michael A. Frohman

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Egea-Jimenez, A.L., Zimmermann, P. (2019). Lipids in Exosome Biology. In: Gomez-Cambronero, J., Frohman, M. (eds) Lipid Signaling in Human Diseases. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 259. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_220

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