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The Actin Cytoskeleton pp 1–37Cite as

Mammalian Actins: Isoform-Specific Functions and Diseases

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 235))

Abstract

Actin is the central building block of the actin cytoskeleton, a highly regulated filamentous network enabling dynamic processes of cells and simultaneously providing structure. Mammals have six actin isoforms that are very conserved and thus share common functions. Tissue-specific expression in part underlies their differential roles, but actin isoforms also coexist in various cell types and tissues, suggesting specific functions and preferential interaction partners. Gene deletion models, antibody-based staining patterns, gene silencing effects, and the occurrence of isoform-specific mutations in certain diseases have provided clues for specificity on the subcellular level and its consequences on the organism level. Yet, the differential actin isoform functions are still far from understood in detail. Biochemical studies on the different isoforms in pure form are just emerging, and investigations in cells have to deal with a complex and regulated system, including compensatory actin isoform expression.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Christophe Ampe & Marleen Van Troys

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Ampe, C., Van Troys, M. (2016). Mammalian Actins: Isoform-Specific Functions and Diseases. In: Jockusch, B. (eds) The Actin Cytoskeleton. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 235. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2016_43

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