Introduction
The Republic of Armenia lies in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains between the Kura and Araks rivers, in the NE of the Armenian Upland. Armenia is bordered on the NE-E by Azerbaijan, on the NW by Georgia, on the SW by Turkey and on the SE by Iran and Nakhichevan (a province of Azerbaijan).
The territory of present-day Armenia covers 30 000 km2with a population of 3.4 million. It is a highland country which is on average 1800 m above sea level. Its climate is continental. The number of sunny days in Armenia is similar to other countries of the same latitude-Spain, Italy and Greece. The primary influences controlling the landscape have been tectonic and volcanic processes — crustal fault blocks, lava flows and volcanic centers. Thus the highest peak of the country is the Quaternary/Pliocene volcanic dome of Aragats (4095 m). The highest peak of the Armenian Upland, Ararat (5165 m, situated in Turkey), is composed of andesite-basalt lavas aged up to 15 000 years. The most recent...
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Gevorkian, R.G., Aslanian, A.T. (1997). Armenia. In: Encyclopedia of European and Asian Regional Geology. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4495-X_5
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