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Viral Pathogenesis and Toll-Like Receptors

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Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses

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4. Conclusions

A number of different viral gene products are now known to interact with different TLR family members. In some cases, induction of the innate response may limit infection by different viruses, especially when the infectious dose is high. Because these receptors recognize elements of the virus that are highly conserved, instead of evolving to avoid this response, some viruses may have adapted to utilizing the response, as a means of facilitating entry or replication, producing gene products such as transcription factors that increase virus gene expression or by down-modulating or subverting subsequent antiviral immune responses. Future studies are likely to uncover more effects of virus-induced TLR activation on pathogenesis.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Abramson Family Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Susan R. Ross

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  1. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Peter Palese

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Ross, S.R. (2005). Viral Pathogenesis and Toll-Like Receptors. In: Palese, P. (eds) Modulation of Host Gene Expression and Innate Immunity by Viruses. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3242-0_10

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