Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Al Abbas, H. and S. A. Barber (1964). The effect of root growth and mass flow on the availability of soil calcium and magnesium to soybean in a greenhouse experiment. Soil Science 97: 103–107.
Atkinson, D. and S. A. Wilson (1980) The growth and distribution of fruit tree roots: some consequences for nutrient uptake. In D. Atkinson, J. E. Jackson, R. O. Sharples and W. M. Waller (eds.), mineral nutrition of fruit trees. Butterworth, Kent, England, pp 137–150.
Avery, D.J. (1970). Effects of fruiting on the growth of apple trees on four rootstock varieties. New Phytologist 69: 19–30.
Bangerth, F. (1979). Calcium-related physiological disorders of plants. Annual Review of Phytopathology 17: 97–122.
Barber, S. A., J. M. Walker and E. H. Vasey (1962). Principles of ion movement through the soil to the plant root. Proceeding of International Soil Conference, New Zealand: 121–124.
Batjer, L. P., B. L. Rogers and A. H. Thompson (1952). Fertilizer application as related to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium utilization by apple trees. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 60: 1–6.
Biddulph, S. A. (1967). Microautoradiographic study of 45Ca and 35S distribution in the intact bean root. Planta 74: 350–367.
Bowling, D. J. F. (1973). The origin of transroot potential and the transfer of ions to the xylem of sunflower roots. In W. P. Anderson (ed.), Ion transport inplants. Academic Press, London, England, pp. 483–491.
Bradfield, E. G. (1975). Calcium complexes in the xylem sap of apple shoots. Plant and Soil 44: 495–499.
Clarkson, D.T. and J. Sanderson (1971). Relationship between the anatomy of cereal roots and the absorption of nutrients and water. Report of ARC Letcombe Laboratory: 16–25.
Conway, W.S., C. E. Sams, G. A. Brown, W. B. Beavers, R. B. Tobias and L. S. Kennedy (1994). Pilot test for the commercial use of postharvest infiltration of calcium into apples to maintain fruit quality in storage. HortTechnology 4: 239–243.
Conway, W. S., C. E. Sams and A. Kelman (1994). Enhancing the natural resistance of plant tissues to postharvest diseases through calcium application. HortScience 29: 751–754
Fallahi, E., I. K. Chun, G. H. Neilsen and W. M. Colt (2001). Effect of three rootstocks on photosynthesis, leaf mineral nutrition, and vegetative growth of ‘BC-2 Fuji’ apple trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24: 827–834.
Fallahi, E., W. S. Conway, K. D. Hickey and C. E. Sams (1997). The role of calcium and nitrogen in postharvest quality and disease resistance of apples. HortScience 32: 831–835.
Fallahi, E., M. N. Westwood, M. H. Chaplin and D. G. Richardson (1984). Influence of apple rootstocks and K and N fertilizers on leaf mineral composition and yield in a high density orchard. Journal of Plant Nutrition 7: 1161–1177.
Faust, M. and C. B. Shear (1973). Calcium translocation patterns in apples. Proceedings of Research Institute of Pomology, Skierniewice, Poland, Ser. E3: 423–436.
Ferguson, I. B. and C. B. Watkins (1989). Bitter pit in apple fruit. Horticultural Review 11: 289–355.
Ferguson, I. B., R. Volz and A. Woolf (1999). Preharvest factors affecting physiological disorders of fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology 15: 255–262.
Ford, E. M. (1979). Effect of post-blossom environmental conditions on fruit composition and quality of apple. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10: 337–348.
Glenn, G. M., B. W. Poovaiah and H. P. Rasmussen (1985). Pathways of calcium penetration through isolated cuticles of ‘Golden Delicious’ apple fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 110: 166–171.
Goode, J. E. and J. Ingram (1971). The effect of irrigation on the growth, cropping and nutrition of Cox’s Orange Pippin apple trees. Journal of Horticultural Science 46: 195–208.
Grande, S. A., K. I. Theron and G. Jacobs (1998). Influence of the number of calcium sprays on the distribution of fruit mineral concentration in an apple orchard. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 73: 569–573.
Granger, R. L. and N. E. Loney (1983). Calcium uptake by’ spartan’ and ‘Delicious’ apple as influenced by rootstock and BA + GA3 to activate growth of lateral buds. HortScience 18: 314–316.
Haynes, R. J. and K. M. Goh (1980). Distribution and budget of nutrients in a commercial apple orchard. Plant and Soil 56: 445–457.
Head, G. C. (1969). Estimating seasonal changes in the quantity of white unsuberised root on fruit trees. Journal of Horticultural Science 41: 197–206.
Head, G. C. (1967). Estimating seasonal changes in shoot growth on the amount of unsuberised root on apple and plum trees. Journal of Horticultural Science 42: 169–180.
Hewitt, E. W. and C. B. Watkins (1991). Bitter pit control by sprays and vacuum infiltration of calcium in Cox’ Orange Pippin apples. HortScience 26: 284–286.
Higinbotham, N., B. Etherton and R. J. Forster (1967). Mineral ion contents and cell transmembrane electropotentials of pea and oat seedling tissue. Plant Physiology 42: 37–46.
Iserman, K. (1970). Der Einfluss von Adsorptionvorgangen im Xylem auf die Calcium-Verteilung in der hoheren Pflanzen. Zeitschrift für Pflanzen und Bodenkunde 126: 191–203.
Jakobsen, S. T. (1979). Interaction between phosphate and calcium in nutrient uptake by plant roots. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10: 141–152.
Johnson, D.S. (1979). New Techniques in the post-harvest treatment of apple fruits with calcium salts. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10: 373–382.
Kirkby, E. A. and K. Mengel (1967). Ionic balance in different tissues of the tomato plant in relation to nitrate, urea or ammonium nitrate. Plant Physiology 42: 6–14.
Kotze, A. G. (1979). Ionic interactions in the uptake and transport of calcium by apple seedlings. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10: 115–127.
Labetowicz, J. (1995). Sklad chemiczny roztworu glebowego w zroznicowanych warunkach glebowych i nawozowych (Mineral composition of soil solution for different types of soils). Wydawnictwo Fundacja Rozwoj SGGW, Warsaw, 103 pp.
Lee, J. J. L. andD. H. Dewey (1981). Infiltration of calcium solutions into Jonathan apples using temperature differentials and surfactants. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 106: 488–490.
Lewis, T. L. andD. Martin (1973). Longitudinal distribution of applied calcium and naturally occurring calcium, magnesium, and potassium in Merton apple fruits. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 24: 363–371.
Maas, E. V. (1969). Calcium uptake excised maize roots and interactions with alkali cations. Plant Physiology 44: 985–989.
Marcelle, R. D. (1995). Mineral nutrition and fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae 383: 219–226.
Marschner, H. (1974). Calcium nutrition of higher plants. Netherlandic Journal of Agricultural Society 22: 275–282.
Marschner, H. (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Academic Press, London, England, 897 pp.
Mason, J. L., J. M. McDougald and B. G. Drought (1974). Calcium concentration in apple fruit resulting from calcium chloride dips modified by surfactants and thickeners. HortScience 9: 122–123.
Meyer, A. A. (1944). Study of the skin structure of Golden Delicious. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science 45: 105–110.
Michalczuk, L. and M. Kubik (1984). Influence of several factors on penetration of surface applied calcium into Jonathan apple fruits at different stages of fruit development. Fruit Science Reports 11: 87–97.
Millikan, C. R. and B. C. Hanger (1965). Effect of chelation and of certain cations on the mobility of foliar-applied 45Ca in stock, broad bean, peas and subterranean clover. Australian Journal of Biology Science 18: 211–226.
Quinlan, J. D. (1969). Chemical composition of developing and shed fruits of Laxton’s Fortune apple. Journal of Horticultural Science 44: 97–106.
Raese, J. T. (1996). Calcium nutrition affects cold hardiness, yield, and fruit disorders of apple and pear trees. Journal of Plant Nutrition 19: 1131–1155.
Raese, J. T. and S. R. Drake (1993). Effects of preharvest calcium sprays on apple and pear quality. Journal of Plant Nutrition 16: 1807–1819.
Reisenauer, H. M. (1964). Mineral nutrients in soil solution. In P. L. Altman and D. S. Dittmer (eds.), Environmental biology. An Aspen Publication, Bethesda, USA, pp. 507–508.
Roy, S., W. S. Conway, A. E. Watada, C. E. Sams, E. F. Erbe and W. P. Wergin (1994). Heat treatment affects epicuticular wax structure and postharvest calcium uptake in ‘Golden Delicious’ apples. HortScience 29: 1056–1058.
Shear, C. B. (1975). Calcium-related disorders of fruit and vegetables. HortScience 4: 361–365.
Shear, C. B. and M. Faust (1970). Calcium transport in apple trees. Plant Physiology 45: 670–674.
Skrzynski, J. (1998). Wplyw wybranychpodkladek wegetatywnych na sklad mineralny jablek ‘Jonagold’ (Mineral status of ‘Jonagold’ apples as influenced by rootstock). In G. Cieslinski, T. Olszewski and W. Treder (eds.), Mineralne odzywianie roslin sadowniczych (Mineral nutrition of fruit trees). Graf-Sad Press, Skierniewice, Poland, pp. 41–49.
Slowik, K. (1979). Effects of environment and cultural practices on calcium concentration in the apple fruit. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10: 295–302.
Stebbins, R. L. and D. H. Dewey (1972). Role of transpiration and phloem transport in accumulation of 45Ca in leaves of young apple trees. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 97: 471–474.
Stow, J. (1993). Effect of calcium ions on apple fruit softening during storage and ripening. Postharvest Biology and Technology 3: 1–9.
Swietlik, D., J. A. Bunce and S. S. Miller (1984). Effect of foliar application of mineral nutrients on stomatal aperture and photosynthesis in apple seedling. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 109: 306–312.
Terblanche, J. G., L. G. Woolbridge, L. G. Hesebeck and M. Joubert (1979). The redistribution and immobilization of calcium in apple trees with special reference to bitter pit. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10: 195–215.
Tomala, K. (1999). Orchard factors affecting nutrient content and fruit quality. Acta Horticulturae 485: 257–264.
Tomala, K., M. Araucz and B. Zaczek (1989). Growth dynamics and calcium content in McIntosh and Spartan apples. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 20: 529–537.
Tromp, J. (1975). The effect of temperature on growth and mineral nutrition of fruits of apple, with special reference to calcium. Physiologia Plantarum 33: 87–93.
Tromp, J. (1978). The effect of root temperature on the absorption and distribution of K, Ca, and Mg in three rootstock clones of apple budded with Cox’s Orange Pippin. Gartenbauwissenschaft 43: 49–54.
Wilkinson, B. G. (1968). Mineral composition of apples. IX — Uptake of calcium by the fruit. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 19: 646–647.
Wojcik, P. (1997). Odzywianie jabloni wapniem (Calcium nutrition of apple trees). Postepy Nauk Rolniczych 4: 37–47.
Wojcik, P. (1998a). Wplyw terminu usuwania lisci rozetkowych na plonowanie jabloni oraz jakosc owocow (Cropping and apple quality as influenced by the presence of spur leaves) Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych 113: 65–76.
Wojcik, P. (1998b). Pobieranie skladnikow mineralnych przez czesci nadziemne z nawozenia pozakorzeniowego (Uptake of nutrients by leaves). Postepy Nauk Rolniczych 1: 49–64.
Wojcik, P. and G. Cieslinski (1997). Akumulacja wapnia w lisciach i zawiazkach owocowych jabloni odmiany Szampion, Jonagold i Idared (Accumulation of calcium into leaves and fruitlets of’ szampion’, ‘Jonagold’, and ‘Idared’ apple trees. Acta Agrobotanica 50: 65–76.
Wojcik, P., B. Dyki and G. Cieslinski (1997). Fine structure of the fruit surface of seven apple cultivars. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 3–4: 119–127.
Van de Geijn, S. C, C. M. Petit and H. Roelofsen (1979). Measurement of the cation exchange capacity of the transport system in intact plant stems. Methodology and preliminary results. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10: 225–236.
Volz, R. K., D. S. Tustin and I. B. Ferguson (1996). Mineral accumulation in apple fruit as affected by spur leaves. Scienta Horticulturae 65: 151–161.
Zimmerman, M. H. (1960). Transport in the phloem. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 11: 167–190.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wojcik, P.P. (2004). Nutrition and Calcium Fertilization of Apple Trees. In: Dris, R., Jain, S.M. (eds) Production Practices and Quality Assessment of Food Crops., vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2536-X_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2536-X_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-1699-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-2536-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive