Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Signal Transduction in Cancer pp 319–343Cite as

Cell Death Signaling in Malignancy

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 115))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abraham, R. T. (2001). Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases. Genes Dev, 15(17), 2177–2196.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adams, J. (2002). Proteasome inhibition: a novel approach to cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med, 8(4), S49–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashkenazi, A., & Dixit, V. M. (1999). Apoptosis control by death and decoy receptors. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 11(2), 255–260.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ashkenazi, A., Pai, R. C., Fong, S., Leung, S., Lawrence, D. A., Marsters, S. A., Blackie, C., Chang, L., McMurtrey, A, E., Hebert, A., DeForge, L., Koumenis, I.L., Lewis, D., Harris, L., Bussiere, J., Koeppen, H., Shahrokh, Z., & Schwall, R.H. (1999). Safety and antitumor activity of recombinant soluble Apo2 ligand. J Clin Invest, 104(2), 155–162.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bai, C., Connolly, B., Metzker, M. L., Hilliard, C.A,, Liu, X., Sandig, V., Soderman, A., Galloway, S. M., Liu, Q., Austin, C. P., & Caskey, C. T. (2000), Overexpression of M68/DcR3 in human gastrointestinal tract tumors independent of gene amplification and its location in a four-gene cluster. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97(3), 1230–1235.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, A. S. (2001). Control of oncogenesis and cancer therapy resistance by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. J Clin Invest, 107(3), 241–246.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee, D. (2001). Genasense (Genta Inc). Curr Opin Investig Drugs, 2(4), 574–580.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Sagi, D. (2001). A Ras by any other name. Mol Cell Biol, 21(5), 1441–1443.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, D. W., Varley, J. M., Szydlo, T. E., Kang, D. H., Wahrer, D. C., Shannon, K. E., Lubratovich, M., Verselis, S. J., Isselbacher, K. J., Fraumeni, J. F., Birch, J. M., Li, F. P., Garber, J. E., & Haber, D. A. (1999). Heterozygous germ line hCHK2 mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Science, 286(5449), 2528–2531.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bellacosa, A., Testa, J. R., Staal, S. P., & Tsichlis, P. N. (1991). A retroviral oncogene, akt, encoding a serine-threonine kinase containing an SH2-like region. Science, 254(5029), 274–277.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bertin, J., Armstrong, R. C., Ottilie, S., Martin, D. A., Wang, Y., Banks, S., Wang, G. H., Senkevich, T. G., Alnemri, E. S., Moss, B., Lenardo, M. J., Tomaselli, K. J., & Cohen, J. I. (1997). Death effector domain-containing herpesvirus and poxvirus proteins in hibit both Fas-and TNFR1-induced apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 94(4), 1172–1176.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bin, L., Li, X., Xu, L.G., & Shu, H.B. (2002). The short splice form of Casper/c-FLIP is a major cellular inhibitor of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. FEBS Lett, 510(1–2), 37–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borkhardt, A., Repp, R., Haas, O. A., Leis, T., Harbott, J., Kreuder, J., Hammermann, J., Henn, T., & Lampert, F. (1997). Cloning and characterization of AFX, the gene that fuses to MLL in acute leukemias with a t(X;11)(ql3;q23). Oncogene, 14(2), 195–202.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunet, A., Bonni, A., Zigmond, M. J., Lin, M. Z., Juo, P., Hu, L. S., Anderson, M. J., Arden, K. C., Blenis, J., & Greenberg, M.E. (1999). Akt promotes cell survival by phosphorylating and inhibiting a Forkhead transcription factor. Cell, 96(6), 857–868.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brunet, A., Datta, S. R., & Greenberg, M. E. (2001). Transcription-dependent and-independent control of neuronal survival by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 11(3), 297–305.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, A. N., & Fersht, A. R. (2001). Rescuing the function of mutant p53. Nature Rev Cancer, 1(1), 68–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, T. F., Bernhard, E. J., & El-Deiry, W. S. (2001). Tissue specific expression of p53 target genes suggests a key role for KILLER/DR5 in p53-dependent apoptosis in vivo. Oncogene, 20(34), 4601–4612.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, T. F., & El-Deiry, W. S. (2001). Identification of inhibitors of TRAIL-induced death (ITIDs) in the TRAIL-sensitive colon carcinoma cell line SW480 using a genetic approach. J Biol Chem, 276(41), 37879–37886.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bykov, V.J.N., Issaeva, N., Shilov, A., Hultcrantz, M., Pugacheva, E., Chumakov, P., Bergman, J., Wiman, K.G. & Selivanova, G. (2002). Restoration of the tumor suppressor function tomutant p53 by a low-molecular-weight compound. Nature Med., 8, 282–288.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cabannes, E., Khan, G., Aillet, F., Jarrett, R. F., & Hay, R. T. (1999). Mutations in the IkBa gene in Hodgkin’s disease suggest a tumour suppressor role for IkappaBalpha. Oncogene, 18(20), 3063–3070.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caelles, C., Helmberg, A., & Karin, M. (1994). p53-dependent apoptosis in the absence of transcriptional activation of p53-target genes. Nature, 370(6486), 220–223.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cardone, M. H., Roy, N., Stennicke, H. R., Salvesen, G.S., Franke, T. F., Stanbridge, E., Frisch, S., & Reed, J. C. (1998). Regulation of cell death protease caspase-9 by phosphorylation. Science, 282(5392), 1318–1321.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, J., Zhou, T., Liu, C., Shapiro, J. P., Brauer, M. J., Kiefer, M. C., Barr, P. J., & Mountz, J. D. (1994). Protection from Fas-mediated apoptosis by a soluble form of the Fas molecule. Science, 263(5154), 1759–1762.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cretney, E., Takeda, K., Yagita, H., Glaccum, M., Peschon, J. J., & Smyth, M. J. (2002). Increased susceptibility to tumor initiation and metastasis inTNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-deficient mice. J Immunol, 168(3), 1356–1361.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Datta, S. R., Brunet, A., & Greenberg, M. E. (1999). Cellular survival: a play in three Akts. Genes Dev, 13(22), 2905–2927.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Datta, S. R., Dudek, H., Tao, X., Masters, S., Fu, H., Gotoh, Y., & Greenberg, M. E. (1997). Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery. Cell, 91(2), 231–241.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. J., Bennicelli, J. L., Macina, R. A., Nycum, L.M., Biegel, J. A., & Barr, F. G. (1995). Structural characterization of the FKHR gene and its rearrangement in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Hum Mol Genet, 4(12), 2355–2362.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Degli-Esposti, M. A., Dougall, W. C., Smolak, P. J., Waugh, J. Y., Smith, C. A., & Goodwin, R. G. (1997). The novel receptor TRAIL-R4 induces NF-kappaB and protects against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, yet retains an incomplete death domain. Immunity, 7(6), 813–820.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • del Peso, L., Gonzalez-Garcia, M., Page, C., Herrera, R., & Nunez, G. (1997). Interleukin-3-induced phosphorylation of BAD through the protein kinase Akt. Science, 278(5338), 687–689.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deveraux, Q.L., & Reed, J.C. (1999). IAP family proteins-suppressors of apoptosis. Genes Dev, 13(3), 239–252.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Di Cristofano, A., & Pandolfi, P. P. (2000). The multiple roles of PTEN in tumor suppression. Cell, 100(4), 387–390.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkers, P. F., Medema, R. H., Lammers, J. W., Koenderman, L., & Coffer, P. J. (2000). Expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim is regulated by the forkhead transcription factor FKHR-L1. Curr Biol, 10(19), 1201–1204.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Djerbi, M., Screpanti, V., Catrina, A. I., Bogen, B., Biberfeld, P., & Grandien, A. (1999). The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors. J Exp Med, 190(7), 1025–1032.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Donehower, L. A., Harvey, M., Slagle, B. L., McArthur, M. J., Montgomery, C. A., Jr., Butel, J. S., & Bradley, A. (1992). Mice deficient for p53 are developmentally normal but susceptible to spontaneous tumours. Nature, 356(6366), 215–221.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Du, C., Fang, M., Li, Y., Li, L., & Wang, X. (2000). Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition. Cell, 102(1), 33–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eggert, A., Grotzer, M. A., Zuzak, T. J., Wiewrodt, B. R., Ho, R., Ikegaki, N., & Brodeur, G. M. (2001). Resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells correlates with a loss of caspase-8 expression. Cancer Res, 61(4), 1314–1319.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eggert, A., Grotzer, M. A., Zuzak, T. J., Wiewrodt, B. R., Ikegaki, N., & Brodeur, G. M. (2000). Resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells correlates with a loss of caspase-8 expression. Med Pediatr Oncol, 35(6), 603–607.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Deiry, W. S. (2001), Insights into cancer therapeutic design based on p53 and TRAIL receptor signaling. Cell Death Differ, 8(11), 1066–1075.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Evan, G. I., & Vousden, K. H. (2001). Proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer. Nature, 411(6835), 342–348.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fakharzadeh, S. S., Trusko, S. P., & George, D. L. (1991). Tumorigenic potential associated with enhanced expression of a gene that is amplified in a mouse tumor cell line. Embo J, 10(6), 1565–1569.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, B. A., Coffey, H. A., Morin, M. J., & Rastinejad, F. (1999). Pharmacological rescue of mutant p53 conformation and function. Science, 286(5449), 2507–2510.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fracchiolla, N. S., Lombardi, L., Salina, M., Migliazza, A., Baldini, L., Berti, E., Cro, L., Polli, E., Maiolo, A. T., & Neri, A. (1993). Structural alterations of the NF-kappa B transcription factor lyt-10 in lymphoid malignancies. Oncogene, 8(10), 2839–2845.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fujita, E., Jinbo, A., Matuzaki, H., Konishi, H., Kikkawa, U., & Momoi, T. (1999). Akt phosphorylation site found in human caspase-9 is absent in mouse caspase-9. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 264(2), 550–555.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilmore, T. D., Koedood, M., Piffat, K. A., & White, D.W. (1996). Rel/NF-kappaB/IkappaB proteins and cancer. Oncogene, 13(7), 1367–1378.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, T. S., Chin, W.A., Jackson, G.C., Lynch, D.H., & Kubin, M.Z. (1998). Intracellular regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells. J Immunol, 161(6), 2833–2840.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman, D., Kim, P. J., Schechner, J.S., & Altieri, D.C. (2001). Inhibition of melanoma tumor growth in vivo by survivin targeting. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98(2), 635–640.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hakem, R., Hakem, A., Duncan, G.S., Henderson, J. T., Woo, M., Soengas, M. S., Elia, A., de la Pompa, J.L., Kagi, D., Khoo, W., Potter, J., Yoshida, R., Kaufman, S.A., Lowe, S.W., Penninger, J. M., & Mak, T.W. (1998). Differential requirement for caspase 9 in apoptotic pathways in vivo. Cell, 94(3), 339–352.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2000). The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100(1), 57–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. L. (2002). Hypoxia—a key regulatory factor in tumour growth. Nature Rev Cancer, 2(1), 38–47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haupt, Y., Barak, Y., & Oren, M. (1996). Cell type-specific inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis by mdm2. Embo J, 15(7), 1596–1606.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haupt, Y., Maya, R., Kazaz, A., & Oren, M. (1997). Mdm2 promotes therapid degradation of p53. Nature, 387(6630), 296–299.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haupt, Y., Rowan, S., Shaulian, E., Vousden, K. H., & Oren, M. (1995). Induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by trans-activation-deficient p53. Genes Dev, 9(17), 2170–2183.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hengartner, M. O. (2000). The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature, 407(6805), 770–776.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hillion, J., Le Coniat, M., Jonveaux, P., Berger, R., & Bernard, O.A. (1997). AF6q21, a novel partner of the MLL gene in t(6;11)(q21;q23), defines a forkhead transcriptional factor subfamily. Blood, 90(9), 3714–3719.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hinz, S., Trauzold, A., Boenicke, L., Sandberg, C., Beckmann, S., Bayer, E., Walczak, H., Kalthoff, H., & Ungefroren, H. (2000). Bcl-XL protects pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells against CD95-and TRAIL-receptor-mediated apoptosis. Oncogene, 19(48), 5477–5486.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hollstein, M., Sidransky, D., Vogelstein, B., & Harris, C. C.(1991). p53mutations in human cancers. Science, 253(5015), 49–53.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Honda, R., Tanaka, H., & Yasuda, H. (1997). Oncoprotein MDM2 is aubiquitin ligase E3 for tumor suppressor p53. FEBS Lett, 420(1), 25–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins-Donaldson, S., Bodmer, J. L., Bourloud, K.B., Brognara, C.B., Tschopp, J., & Gross, N. (2000). Loss of caspase-8 expression in highly malignant human neuroblastoma cells correlates with resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis. Cancer Res, 60(16), 4315–4319.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hueber, A. O., Zornig, M., Lyon, D., Suda, T., Nagata, S., & Evan, G.I. (1997). Requirement for the CD95 receptor-ligand pathway in c-Myc-induced apoptosis. Science, 278(5341), 1305–1309.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ionov, Y., Yamamoto, H., Krajewski, S., Reed, J. C., & Perucho, M. (2000). Mutational inactivation of the proapoptotic gene BAX confers selective advantage during tumor clonal evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97(20), 10872–10877.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Irmler, M., Thome, M., Hahne, M., Schneider, P., Hofmann, K., Steiner, V., Bodmer, J.L., Schroter, M., Burns, K., Mattmann, C., Rimoldi, D., French, L. E., & Tschopp, J. (1997). Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP. Nature, 388(6638), 190–195.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, B., Schlagbauer-Wadl, H., Brown, B. D., Bryan, R. N., van Elsas, A., Muller, M., Wolff, K., Eichler, H.G., & Pehamberger, H. (1998). bcl-2 antisense therapy chemosensitizes human melanoma in SCID mice. Nat Med, 4(2), 232–234.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jo, M., Kim, T. H., Seol, D. W., Esplen, J. E., Dorko, K., Billiar, T. R., & Strom, S.C. (2000). Apoptosis induced in normal human hepatocytes by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Nat Med, 6(5), 564–567.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohnstone, R. W., Ruefli, A. A., & Lowe, S. W. (2002). Apoptosis: a link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy. Cell, 108(2), 153–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joza, N., Susin, S. A., Daugas, E., Stanford, W. L., Cho, S. K., Li, C. Y., Sasaki, T., Elia, A.J., Cheng, H. Y., Ravagnan, L., Ferri, K. F., Zamzami, N., Wakeham, A., Hakem, R., Yoshida, H., Kong, Y. Y., Mak, T. W., Zuniga-Pflucker, J. C., Kroemer, G., & Penninger, J. M. (2001). Essential role of the mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor in programmed cell death. Nature, 410(6828), 549–554.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, L. P., Shapiro, V. S., Stokoe, D., & Weiss, A. (1999). Induction of NF-kappaB by the Akt/PKB kinase. Curr Biol, 9(11), 601–604.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Karin, M., Cao, Y., Greten, F.R., and Li, Z.-W. (2002). NF-κB IN CANCER: FROM INNOCENT BYSTANDER TO MAJOR CULPRIT. Nature Rev Cancer, 2, 301–310.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann-Zeh, A., Rodriguez-Viciana, P., Ulrich, E., Gilbert, C., Coffer, P., Downward, J., & Evan, G. (1997). Suppression of c-Myc-induced apoptosis by Ras signalling through PI(3)K and PKB. Nature, 385(6616), 544–548.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keane, M. M., Ettenberg, S. A., Nau, M. M., Russell, E. K., & Lipkowitz, S. (1999). Chemotherapy augments TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cell lines. Cancer Res, 59(3), 734–741.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K., Fisher, M. J., Xu, S. Q., & el-Deiry, W.S. (2000), Molecular determinants of response to TRAIL in killing of normal and cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res, 6(2), 335–346.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krajewski, S., Blomqvist, C., Franssila, K., Krajewska, M., Wasenius, V.M., Niskanen, E., Nordling, S., & Reed, J. C. (1995). Reduced expression of proapoptotic gene BAX is associated with poor response rates to combination chemotherapy and shorter survival in women with metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res, 55(19), 4471–4478.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krammer, P. H. (2000). CD95’s deadly mission in the immune system. Nature, 407(6805), 789–795.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kreuz, S., Siegmund, D., Scheurich, P., & Wajant, H. (2001). NF-kappaB inducers upregulate cFLIP, a cycloheximide-sensitive inhibitor of death receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol, 21(12), 3964–3973.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krueger, A., Baumann, S., Krammer, P.H., & Kirchhoff, S. (2001). FLICE-inhibitory proteins: regulators of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol, 21(24), 8247–8254.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubbutat, M. H., Jones, S. N,, & Vousden, K. H. (1997). Regulation of p53 stability by Mdm2. Nature, 387(6630), 299–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lacronique, V., Mignon, A., Fabre, M., Viollet, B., Rouquet, N., Molina, T., Porteu, A., Henrion, A., Bouscary, D., Varlet, P., Joulin, V., & Kahn, A. (1996). Bcl-2 protects from lethal hepatic apoptosis induced by an anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nat Med, 2(1), 80–86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, D., Shahrokh, Z., Marsters, S., Achilles, K., Shih, D., Mounho, B., Hillan, K., Totpal, K., DeForge, L., Schow, P., Hooley, J., Sherwood, S., Pai, R., Leung, S., Khan, L., Gliniak, B., Bussiere, J., Smith, C. A., Strom, S. S., Kelley, S., Fox, J. A., Thomas, D., & Ashkenazi, A. (2001). Differential hepatocyte toxicity of recombinant Apo2L/TRAIL versions. Nat Med, 7(4), 383–385.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Le-Niculescu, H., Bonfoco, E., Kasuya, Y., Claret, F.X., Green, D.R., & Karin, M. (1999). Withdrawal of survival factors results in activation of the JNK pathway in neuronal cells leading to Fas ligand induction and cell death. Mol Cell Biol, 19(1), 751–763.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. H., Shin, M. S., Kim, H. S., Lee, H. K., Park, W. S., Kim, S.Y., Lee, J. H., Han, S. Y., Park, J. Y., Oh, R.R., Jang, J.J., Han, J.Y., Lee, J.Y., & Yoo, N.J. (1999). Alterations of the DR5/TRAIL receptor 2 gene in non-small cell lung cancers. Cancer Res, 59(22), 5683–5686.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leverkus, M., Neumann, M., Mengling, T., Rauch, C. T., Brocker, E. B., Krammer, P. H., & Walczak, H. (2000). Regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand sensitivity in primary and transformed human keratinocytes. Cancer Res, 60(3), 553–559.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, H., Zhu, H., Xu, C. J., & Yuan, J. (1998). Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis. Cell, 94(4), 491–501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, L. Y., Luo, X., & Wang, X. (2001). Endonuclease G is anapoptotic DNase when released from mitochondria. Nature, 412(6842), 95–99.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsten, T., Ross, A. J., King, A., Zong, W. X., Rathmell, J. C., Shiels, H.A., Ulrich, E., Waymire, K. G., Mahar, P., Frauwirth, K., Chen, Y., Wei, M., Eng, V. M., Adelman, D. M., Simon, M. C., Ma, A., Golden, J. A., Evan, G., Korsmeyer, S. J., MacGregor, G. R., & Thompson, C. B. (2000). The combined functions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members bak and bax are essential for normal development of multiple tissues. Mol Cell, 6(6), 1389–1399.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Locksley, R.M., Killeen, N., & Lenardo, M.J. (2001). The TNF and TNF receptor superfamilies: integrating mammalian biology. Cell, 104(4), 487–501.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madrid, L. V., Wang, C. Y., Guttridge, D. C., Schottelius, A. J., Baldwin, A.S., Jr., & Mayo, M. W. (2000). Akt suppresses apoptosis by stimulating the transactivation potential of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. Mol Cell Biol, 20(5), 1626–1638.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malkin, D., Li, F. P., Strong, L. C., Fraumeni, J. F., Jr., Nelson, C. E., Kim, D.H., Kassel, J., Gryka, M. A., Bischoff, F.Z., Tainsky, M.A., & et al. (1990). Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms. Science, 250(4985), 1233–1238.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayo, L.D., & Donner, D.B. (2001). A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway promotes translocation of Mdm2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98(20), 11598–11603.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, F. (2001). Cancer gene therapy: fringe or cutting edge? Nature Rev Cancer, 1(2), 130–141.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKeithan, T.W., Takimoto, G.S., Ohno, H., Bjorling, V.S., Morgan, R., Hecht, B.K., Dube, I., Sandberg, A.A., & Rowley, J.D. (1997). BCL3 rearrangements and t(14;19) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell malignancies: a molecular and cytogenetic study. Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 20(1), 64–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medema, J. P., de Jong, J., van Hall, T., Melief, C. J., & Offringa, R. (1999). Immune escape of tumors in vivo by expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein. J Exp Med, 190(7), 1033–1038.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meijerink, J. P., Mensink, E. J., Wang, K., Sedlak, T. W., Sloetjes, A.W., de Witte, T., Waksman, G., & Korsmeyer, S.J. (1998). Hematopoietic malignancies demonstrate loss-of-function mutations of BAX. Blood, 91(8), 2991–2997.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meng, R. D., McDonald, E. R., 3rd, Sheikh, M. S., Fornace, A. J., Jr., & El-Deiry, W. S. (2000). The TRAIL decoy receptor TRUNDD (DcR2, TRAIL-R4) is induced by adenovirus-p53 overexpression and can delay TRAIL-, p53-, and KILLER/DR5-dependent colon cancer apoptosis. Mol Ther, 1(2), 130–144.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michael, D., & Oren, M. (2002). The p53 and Mdm2 families incancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev, 12(1), 53–59.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Midgley, C. A., & Lane, D. P. (1997). p53 protein stability in tumour cells is not determined by mutation but is dependent on Mdm2 binding. Oncogene, 15(10), 1179–1189.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Midis, GP., Shen, Y., & Owen-Schaub, L.B. (1996). Elevated soluble Fas (sFas) levels in nonhematopoietic human malignancy. Cancer Res, 56(17), 3870–3874.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Momand, J., Zambetti, G. P., Olson, D. C., George, D., & Levine, A.J. (1992). The mdm-2 oncogene product forms a complex with the p53 protein and inhibits p53-mediated transactivation. Cell, 69(7), 1237–1245.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Muschen, M., Warskulat, U., & Beckmann, M. W. (2000), Defining CD95 as a tumor suppressor gene. J Mol Med, 78(6), 312–325.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson, D.W. (2000). From bench to clinic with apoptosis-based therapeutic agents. Nature, 407(6805), 810–816.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliner, J. D., Kinzler, K. W., Meltzer, P. S., George, D. L., & Vogelstein, B. (1992). Amplification of a gene encoding a p53-associated protein in human sarcomas. Nature, 358(6381), 80–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oliner, J.D., Pietenpol, J.A., Thiagalingam, S., Gyuris, J., Kinzler, K.W., & Vogelstein, B. (1993), Oncoprotein MDM2 conceals the activation domain of tumour suppressor p53. Nature, 362(6423), 857–860.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozes, O. N., Mayo, L. D., Gustin, J. A., Pfeffer, S. R., Pfeffer, L. M., & Donner, D. B. (1999). NF-kappaB activation by tumour necrosis factor requires the Akt serine-threonine kinase. Nature, 401(6748), 82–85.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozoren, N., Fisher, M. J., Kim, K., Liu, C. X., Genin, A., Shifman, Y., Dicker, D.T., Spinner, N.B., Lisitsyn, N. A., & El-Deiry, W. S. (2000). Homozygous deletion of the death receptor DR4 gene in a nasopharyngeal cancer cell line is associated with TRAIL resistance. Int J Oncol, 16(5), 917–925.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ozoren, N., Kim, K., Burns, T. F., Dicker, D.T., Moscioni, A.D., & El-Deiry, W.S. (2000). The caspase 9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK protects human liver cells while permitting death of cancer cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Cancer Res, 60(22), 6259–6265.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, G., Ni, J., Wei, Y. F., Yu, G., Gentz, R., & Dixit, V. M. (1997). An antagonist decoy receptor and a death domain-containing receptor for TRAIL. Science, 277(5327), 815–818.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pan, H., Yin, C., Dyson, N. J., Harlow, E., Yamasaki, L., & Van Dyke, T. (1998). Key roles for E2F1 in signaling p53-dependent apoptosis and in cell division within developing tumors. Mol Cell, 2(3), 283–292.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panka, D. J., Mano, T., Suhara, T., Walsh, K., & Mier, J.W. (2001). Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Activity Regulates c-FLIP Expressionin Tumor Cells. J Biol Chem, 276(10), 6893–6896.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park, W. S., Lee, J. H., Shin, M. S., Park, J. Y., Kim, H. S., Kim, Y.S., Park, C. H., Lee, S. K. Lee, S. H., Lee, S. N., Kim, H., Yoo, N. J., & Lee, J.Y. (2001). Inactivating mutations of KILLER/DR5 gene in gastric cancers. Gastroenterology, 121(5), 1219–1225.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitti, R. M., Marsters, S. A., Lawrence, D. A., Roy, M., Kischkel, F. C., Dowd, P., Huang, A., Donahue, C. J., Sherwood, S. W., Baldwin, D. T., Godowski, P. J., Wood, W. I., Gurney, A. L., Hillan, K.J., Cohen, R. L., Goddard, A. D., Botstein, D., & Ashkenazi, A. (1998). Genomic amplification of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand in lungand colon cancer. Nature, 396(6712), 699–703.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pitti, R. M,, Marsters, S. A., Ruppert, S., Donahue, C. J., Moore, A., & Ashkenazi, A. (1996), Induction of apoptosis by Apo-2 ligand, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine family. J Biol Chem, 271(22), 12687–12690.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Putcha, G. V., Moulder, K, L., Golden, J. P., Bouillet, P., Adams, J. A., Strasser, A., & Johnson, E. M. (2001). Induction of BIM, aproapoptotic BH3-only BCL-2 family member, is critical for neuronal apoptosis. Neuron, 29(3), 615–628.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Puthalakath, H., Huang, D.C., O’Reilly, L.A., King, S. M., & Strasser, A. (1999). The proapoptotic activity of the Bcl-2 family member Bim is regulated by interaction with the dynein motor complex. Mol Cell, 3(3). 287–296.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, J., Chaturvedi, V., Bonish, B., & Nickoloff, B. J. (2001), Avoiding premature apoptosis of normal epidermal cells. Nat Med, 7(4), 385–386.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quelle, D.E., Zindy, F., Ashmun, R.A., & Shew, C.J. (1995). Alternative reading frames of the INK4a tumor suppressor gene encode two unrelated proteins capable of inducing cell cycle arrest. Cell, 83(6), 993–1000.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rampino, N., Yamamoto, H., Ionov, Y., Li, Y., Sawai, H., Reed, J. C., & Perucho, M. (1997). Somatic frameshift mutations in the BAX gene in colon cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype. Science, 275(5302), 967–969.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rayet, B., & Gelinas, C. (1999). Aberrantrel/nfkb genes and activity in human cancer. Oncogene, 18(49), 6938–6947.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, J. C. (1999). Dysregulation of apoptosis in cancer. J Clin Oncol, 17(9), 2941–2953.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reuther, J. Y., Reuther, G.W., Cortez, D., Pendergast, A. M., & Baldwin, A. S., Jr. (1998). A requirement for NF-kappaB activation in Bcr-Abl-mediated transformation. Genes Dev, 12(7), 968–981.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romashkova, J. A., & Makarov, S. S. (1999). NF-kappaB is a target of AKT in anti-apoptotic PDGF signalling. Nature, 401(6748), 86–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, D., Li, J. H., Keidar, S., Markon, I., Orda, R., & Berke, G. (2000). Tumor immunity in perforin-deficient mice: a role for CD95 (Fas/APO-1). J Immunol, 164(6), 3229–3235.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, W., Isenmann, S., Nakamura, M., Platten, M., Wick, W., Kleihues, P., Bahr, M., Ohgaki, H., Ashkenazi, A., & Weller, M. (2001). Soluble decoy receptor 3 is expressed by malignant gliomas and suppresses CD95 ligand-induced apoptosis and chemotaxis. Cancer Res, 61(6), 2759–2765.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Russell, J. L., Powers, J. T., Rounbehler, R. J., Rogers, P. M., Conti, C. J., & Johnson, D. G. (2002). ARF differentially modulates apoptosis induced by E2F1 and Myc. Mol Cell Biol, 22(5), 1360–1368.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scaffidi, C., Fulda, S., Srinivasan, A., Friesen, C., Li, F., Tomaselli, K. J., Debatin, K.M., Krammer, P. H., & Peter, M. E. (1998). Two CD95 (APO-1/Fas) signaling pathways. Embo J, 17(6), 1675–1687.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, C.A., Fridman, J.S., Yang M., Baranov, E., Hoffman, R.M., and Lowe, S.W. (2002). Dissecting p53 tumor suppressor functions in vivo. Cancer Cell, 1, 289–298.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitt, C. A., McCurrach, M. E., de Stanchina, E., Wallace-Brodeur, R. R., & Lowe, S. W. (1999). INK4a/ARF mutations accelerate lymphomagenesis and promote chemoresistance by disabling p53. Genes Dev, 13(20), 2670–2677.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shayesteh, L., Lu, Y., Kuo, W. L., Baldocchi, R., Godfrey, T., Collins, C., Pinkel, D., Powell, B., Mills, G. B., & Gray, J. W. (1999). PIK3CA is implicated as an oncogene in ovarian cancer. Nat Genet, 21(1), 99–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherr, C. J. (2001). The INK4a/ARF network in tumour suppression. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2(10), 731–737.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin, M. S., Kim, H. S., Lee, S. H., Park, W. S., Kim, S. Y., Park, J. Y., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. K., Lee, S. N., Jung, S. S., Han, J. Y., Kim, H., Lee, J. Y., & Yoo, N. J. (2001). Mutations of tumor necrosis factor-related appptosis-inducing ligand receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) and receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) genes in metastatic breast cancers. Cancer Res, 61(13), 4942–4946.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soengas, M. S., Alarcon, R. M., Yoshida, H., Giaccia, A. J., Hakem, R., Mak, T. W., & Lowe, S. W. (1999). Apaf-1 and caspase-9 in p53-dependent apoptosis and tumor inhibition. Science, 284(5411), 156–159.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soengas, M. S., Capodieci, P., Polsky, D., Mora, J., Esteller, M., Opitz-Araya, X., McCombie, R., Herman, J. G., Gerald, W.L., Lazebnik, Y. A., Cordon-Cardo, C., & Lowe, S.W. (2001). Inactivation of the apoptosis effector Apaf-1 in malignant melanoma. Natur, 409(6817), 207–211.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stambolic, V., Suzuki, A., dela Pompa, J.L., Brothers, G.M., Mirtsos, C., Sasaki, T., Ruland, J., Penninger, J. M., Siderovski, D.P., & Mak, T.W. (1998). Negative regulation of PKB/Akt-dependent cell survival by the tumor suppressor PTEN. Cell, 95(1), 29–39.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stott, F. J., Bates, S., James, M. C., McConnell, B.B., Starborg, M., Brookes, S., Palmero, I., Ryan, K., Hara, E., Vousden, K.H., & Peters, G. (1998). The alternative product from the human CDKN2A locus, p14(ARF), participates in a regulatory feedback loop with p53 and MDM2. Embo J, 17(17), 5001–5014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser, A., Harris, A. W., Huang, D. C., Krammer, P. H., & Cory, S. (1995). Bcl-2 and Fas/APO-1 regulate distinct pathways to lymphocyte apoptosis. Embo J, 14(24), 6136–6147.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sublett, J.E., Jeon, I.S., & Shapiro, D.N. (1995), The alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma PAX3/FKHR fusion protein is a transcriptional activator. Oncogene, 11(3), 545–552.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Susin, S. A., Lorenzo, H. K., Zamzami, N., Marzo, I., Snow, B.E., Brothers, G.M., Mangion, J., Jacotot, E., Costantini, P., Loeffler, M., Larochette, N., Goodlett, D. R., Aebersold, R., Siderovski, D.P., Penninger, J. M., & Kroemer, G. (1999). Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor. Nature, 397(6718), 441–446.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki, A., de la Pompa, J. L., Stambolic, V., Elia, A. J., Sasaki, T., del Barco Barrates, I., Ho, A., Wakeham, A., Itie, A., Khoo, W., Fukumoto, M., & Mak, T.W. (1998). High cancer susceptibility and embryonic lethality associated with mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in mice. Curr Biol, 8(21), 1169–1178.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takimoto, R., Wang, W., Dicker, D.T., Rastinejad, F., Lyssikatos, J. & El-Deiry, W.S. (2002). The mutant p53-conformation modifying drug, CP-31398, can induce apoptosis of human cancer cells and can stabilize wild-type p53 protein. Cancer Biol. Ther. 1, 47–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda, K., Hayakawa, Y., Smyth, M. J., Kayagaki, N., Yamaguchi, N., Kakuta, S., Iwakura, Y., Yagita, H., & Okumura, K, (2001). Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosisinducing ligand in surveillance of tumor metastasis by liver natural killer cells. Nat Med, 7(1), 94–100.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Takeda, K., Smyth, M. J., Cretney, E., Hayakawa, Y., Kayagaki, N., Yagita, H., & Okumura, K. (2002). Critical role for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in immune surveillance against tumor development. J Exp Med, 195(2), 161–169.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Testa, J. R., & Bellacosa, A. (2001), AKT plays a central role in tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad SciU S A, 98(20), 10983–10985.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thome, M., Schneider, P., Hofmann, K., Fickenscher, H., Meinl, E., Neipel, F., Mattmann, C., Burns, K., Bodmer, J. L., Schroter, M., Scaffidi, C., Krammer, P. H., Peter, M.E., & Tschopp, J. (1997). ViralFLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs) prevent apoptosis induced by death receptors. Nature, 386(6624), 517–521.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thut, C. J., Goodrich, J, A., & Tjian, R. (1997). Repression of p53-mediated transcription by MDM2: a dual mechanism. Genes Dev, 11(15), 1974–1986.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tolbert, D., Lu, X., Yin, C., Tantama, M., & VanDyke, T. (2002). p19(ARF) is dispensable for oncogenic stress-induced p53-mediated apoptosis and tumor suppression in vivo. Mol Cell Biol, 22(1), 370–377.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsujimoto, Y., Cossman, J., Jaffe, E., & Croce, C. M. (1985). Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma. Science, 228(4706), 1440–1443.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ugurel, S., Rappl, G., Tilgen, W., & Reinhold, U. (2001). Increased soluble CD95 (sFas/CD95) serum level correlates with poor prognosis in melanoma patients. Clin Cancer Res, 7(5), 1282–1286.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaux, D.L., Cory, S., & Adams, J. M. (1988). Bcl-2 gene promotes haemopoietic cell survival and cooperates with c-myc to immortalize pre-B cells. Nature, 335(6189), 440–442.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Verhagen, A.M., Coulson, E.J., & Vaux, D.L. (2001). Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and their relatives: IAPs and other BIRPs. Genome Biol, 2(7), REVIEWS3009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verhagen, A. M., Ekert, P. G., Pakusch, M., Silke, J., Connolly, L.M., Reid, G.E., Moritz, R.L., Simpson, R. J., & Vaux, D.L. (2000). Identification of DIABLO, a mammalian protein that promotes apoptosis by binding to and antagonizing IAP proteins. Cell, 102(1), 43–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (1992). p53 function and dysfunction. Cell, 70(4), 523–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogelstein, B., Lane, D., & Levine, A. J. (2000). Surfing the p53 network. Nature, 408(6810), 307–310.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vousden, K. H., & Woude, G. F. (2000). The ins and outs of p53. Nat Cell Biol, 2(10), E178–180.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walczak, H., Miller, R. E., Ariail, K., Gliniak, B., Griffith, T.S., Kubin, M., Chin, W., Jones. J., Woodward, A., Le, T., Smith, C., Smolak, P., Goodwin, R. G., Rauch, C. T., Schuh, J. C., & Lynch, D.H. (1999). Tumoricidal activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in vivo. Nat Med, 5(2), 157–163.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace-Brodeur, R. R., & Lowe, S. W. (1999). Clinical implications of p53 mutations. Cell Mol Life Sci, 55(1), 64–75.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, X. (2001). The expanding role of mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev, 15(22), 2922–2933.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiley, S. R., Schooley, K., Smolak, P. J., Din, W.S., Huang, C. P., Nicholl, J.K., Sutherland, G.R., Smith, T. D., Rauch, C., Smith, C. A., & et al. (1995). Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis. Immunity, 3(6), 673–682.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, X., Webster, S. R., & Chen, J. (2001). Characterization of tumor-associated Chk2 mutations. J Biol Chem, 276(4), 2971–2974.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yin, X.M., Wang, K., Gross, A., Zhao, Y., Zinkel, S., Klocke, B., Roth, K.A., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1999). Bio-deficient mice are resistant to Fas-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Nature, 400(6747), 886–891.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, B. P., Hu, M. C., Miller, S. A., Yu, Z., Xia, W., Lin, S. Y., & Hung, M. C. (2000). HER-2/neu blocks tumor necrosisfactor-induced apoptosis via the Akt/NF-kappaB pathway. J Biol Chem, 275(11), 8027–8031.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, B. P., Liao, Y., Xia, W., Zou, Y., Spohn, B., & Hung, M. C. (2001). HER-2/neu induces p53 ubiquitination via Akt-mediated MDM2 phosphorylation. Nat Cell Biol, 3(11), 973–982.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zindy, F., Eischen, C. M., Randle, D. H., Kamijo, T,, Cleveland, J. L., Sherr, C. J., & Roussel, M. F. (1998). Myc signaling via the ARF tumor suppressor regulates p53-dependent apoptosis and immortalization. Genes Dev, 12(15), 2424–2433.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104

    Timothy F. Burns & Wafik S. El-Deiry

Authors
  1. Timothy F. Burns
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wafik S. El-Deiry
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    David A. Frank MD, PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burns, T.F., El-Deiry, W.S. (2004). Cell Death Signaling in Malignancy. In: Frank, D.A. (eds) Signal Transduction in Cancer. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 115. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48158-8_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48158-8_13

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-7340-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-306-48158-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation