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Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa

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Abstract

Nine metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr, and Zn) were determined in soil and Digitaria eriantha plants within the vicinity of three coal power plants (Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal), using ICP-OES and GFAAS. The total metal concentration in soil ranged from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 1836 ± 70 μg g−1, 0.08 ± 0.05 to 1744 ± 29 μg g−1, and 0.07 ± 0.04 to 1735 ± 91 μg g−1 in Matla, Lethabo, and Rooiwal, respectively. Total metal concentration in the plant (D. eriantha) ranged from 0.005 ± 0.003 to 535 ± 43 μg g−1 in Matla, 0.002 ± 0.001 to 400 ± 269 μg g−1 in Lethabo, and 0.002 ± 0.001 to 4277 ± 201 μg g−1 in Rooiwal. Accumulation factors (A) of less than 1 (i.e., 0.003 to 0.37) at all power plants indicate a low transfer of metal from soil to plant (excluder). Enrichment factor values obtained (2.4–5.0) indicate that the soils are moderately enriched with the exception of Pb that had significant enrichment of 20. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo) values of metals indicate that the soils are moderately polluted (0.005–0.65), except for Pb that showed moderate to strong pollution (1.74–2.53).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Executive Dean of the College of Science Engineering and Technology of the University of South Africa for the partial student financial support of Mr. O.O. Okedeyi.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemistry Department, University of South Africa, P. O Box 392 UNISA, 0003, Pretoria, South Africa

    Olumuyiwa O. Okedeyi, Simiso Dube & Mathew M. Nindi

  2. Environmental Science Department, University of South Africa, Bag X6 Florida, 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Omotayo R. Awofolu

Authors
  1. Olumuyiwa O. Okedeyi
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  2. Simiso Dube
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  3. Omotayo R. Awofolu
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  4. Mathew M. Nindi
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Correspondence to Mathew M. Nindi.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Okedeyi, O.O., Dube, S., Awofolu, O.R. et al. Assessing the enrichment of heavy metals in surface soil and plant (Digitaria eriantha) around coal-fired power plants in South Africa. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 4686–4696 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2432-0

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