Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Free form fabricated features on CoCr implants with and without hydroxyapatite coating in vivo: a comparative study of bone contact and bone growth induction

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The current study evaluates the in vivo response to free form fabricated cobalt chromium (CoCr) implants with and without hydroxyapatite (HA) plasma sprayed coatings. The free form fabrication method allowed for integration of complicated pyramidal surface structures on the cylindrical implant. Implants were press fit into the tibial metaphysis of nine New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were sacrificed and implants were removed and embedded. Histological analysis, histomorphometry and electron microscopy studies were performed. Focused ion beam was used to prepare thin sections for high-resolution transmission electron microscopy examination. The fabricated features allowed for effective bone in-growth and firm fixation after 6 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed intimate bone-implant integration at the nanometre scale for the HA coated samples. In addition, histomorphometry revealed a significantly higher bone contact on HA coated implants compared to native CoCr implants. It is concluded that free form fabrication in combination with HA coating improves the early fixation in bone under experimental conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Sundfeldt M, Carlsson LV, Johansson CB, Thomsen P, Gretzer C. Aseptic loosening, not only a question of wear: a review of different theories. Acta Orthop. 2006;77(2):177–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Webster TJ, Ejiofor JU. Increased osteoblast adhesion on nanophase metals: Ti, Ti6Al4V and CoCrMo. Biomaterials. 2004;25:4731–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Rahaman MN, Yao A, Bal BS, Garino JP, Ries MD. Ceramics for prosthetic hip and knee joint replacement. J Am Ceram Soc. 2007;90(7):1965–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sotereanos NG, Engh CA, Glassman AH, Marcalino GE, Engh CA Jr. Cementless femoral component should be made from cobalt chrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995;313:146–53.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Walsh WR, Svehla MJ, Russell J, Saito M, Nakashima T, Gillies RM, Bruce W, Hori R. Cemented fixation with PMMA or Bis-GMA resin hydroxyapatite cement: effect of implant surface roughness. Biomaterials. 2004;25:4929–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hunt JA, Callaghan JT, Sutcliffe CJ, Morgan RH, Halford B, Black RA. The design and production of Co-Cr alloy implants with controlled surface topography by CADCAM method and their effects on osseointegration. Biomaterials. 2005;26(29):5890–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Villar RN. Non-cemented hip prothesis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985;291:53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gao F, Henricson A, Nilsson KG. Cemented versus uncemented fixation of the fermoral component of the NexGen CR total knee replacement in patients younger than 60 years: a prospective randomised controlled RSA study. Knee. 2009;16:200–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bojescul JA, Xenos JS, Callaghan JJ, Savory CG. Results of porous-coated anatomic total hip arthroplasty without cement at fifteen years: a concise follow-up of a previous report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85:1079–83.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ong JL, Chan DCN. Hydroxyapatite and their use as coatings in dental implants: a review. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;28(5–6):667A–707A.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chambers B, St. Clair SF, Froimson MI. Hydroxyapatite-coated tapered cementless femoral components in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplast. 2007;22(4):71–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hench LL. Biomaterials: a forecast for the future. Biomaterials. 1998;19(16):1419–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Donath K, Breuner G. A method for the study of decalcified bones and teeth with attached soft tissues. The Sage-Schliff(sawing and grinding) technique. J Oral Pathol. 1982;11:318–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Jarmar T, Palmquist A, Brånemark R, Hermansson L, Engqvist H, Thomsen P. Technique for preparation and characterization in cross-section of oral titanium implant surfaces using focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy. J Biomed Mater Res. 2008;87A:1003–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Malmström J, Adolfsson E, Emanuelsson L, Thomsen P. Bone ingrowth in zirconia and hydroxyapatite scaffolds with identical macroporosity. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2008;19:2983–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Thomsen P, Malmström J, Emanuelsson L, René M, Snis A. Electron beam-melted, free-form-fabricated titanium alloy implants: material surface characterization and early bone response in rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res. 2009;90B:35–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Curodeau A, Sachs E, Caldarise S. Design and fabrication of cast orthopedic implants with freeform surface textures from 3-D printed ceramic shell. J Biomed Mater Res. 2000;53:525–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Melican MC, Zimmerman MC, Dhillon MS, Ponnambalam AR, Curodeau A, Parsons JR. Three-dimensional printing and porous metallic surfaces: a new orthopedic application. J Biomed Mater Res. 2001;55:194–202.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mohammadi S, Esposito M, Hall J, Emanuelsson L, Krozer A, Thomsen P. Long-term bone response to titanium implants coated with thin radiofrequent magnetron sputteres hydroxyapatite in rabbits. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;l19:498–509.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wennerberg A, Hallgren C, Johansson C, Danelli S. A histomorphometric evaluation of screw-shaped implants each prepared with two surface roughnesses. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1998;9:11–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T, Andersson B, Krol JJ. A histomorphometric and removal torque study of screw-shaped titanium implants with three different surface topographies. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1995;6:24–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Brånemark R, Ohrnell LO, Nilsson P, Thomsen P. Biomechanical characterization of osseointegration during healing: an experimental in vivo study in the rat. Biomaterials. 1997;18(14):969–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Engqvist H, Botton GA, Couillard M, Mohammadi S, Malmström J, Emanuelsson L, Hermansson L, Phaneuf MW, Thomsen P. A novel tool for high-resolution transmission electron microscopy of intact interfaces between bone and metallic implants. J Biomed Mater Res. 2006;78A:20–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Porter A, Patel N, Brooks R, Best S, Rushton N, Bonfield W. Effect of carbonate substitution on the ultrastructural characteristics of hydroxyapatite implants. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2005;16(10):899–907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Porter AE, Buckland T, Hing K, Best SM, Bonfield W. The structure of the bond between bone and porous silicon-substituted hydroxyapatite bioceramic implants. J Biomed Mater Res. 2006;78A:25–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Malmström J, Slotte C, Adolfsson E, Norderyd O, Thomsen P. Bone response to free form-fabricated hydroxyapatite and zirconia scaffolds: a histological study in the human maxilla. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2009;20:379–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Haynes DR, Crotti T, Haywood MR. Corrosion of and changes in biological effects of cobalt chrome alloy and 316L stainless steel prosthetic particles with age. J Biomed Mater Res. 2000;49:167–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

European Commission Project Hiped Hips 2 (Proposal number CRAFT – 1999 – 70587), VINNOVA VinnVäxt Program Biomedical Development in Western Sweden, the Swedish Research Council (grant K2006-73X-09495-16-3), the Institute of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy (IBCT), the Göran Gustafsson Foundation, and Teknimed are gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Ångström Laboratory, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21, Uppsala, Sweden

    Kathryn Grandfield & Håkan Engqvist

  2. Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden

    Anders Palmquist, Lena Emanuelsson & Peter Thomsen

  3. Teknimed S.A, Vic en Bigorre, France

    Stéphane Gonçalves

  4. Finsbury Development Limited, Leatherhead, UK

    Andy Taylor

  5. Pera, Melton Mowbray, UK

    Mark Taylor

  6. Institute for Biomaterials and Cell Therapy (IBCT), Göteborg, Sweden

    Peter Thomsen

Authors
  1. Kathryn Grandfield
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Anders Palmquist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stéphane Gonçalves
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Andy Taylor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mark Taylor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lena Emanuelsson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Peter Thomsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Håkan Engqvist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kathryn Grandfield.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Grandfield, K., Palmquist, A., Gonçalves, S. et al. Free form fabricated features on CoCr implants with and without hydroxyapatite coating in vivo: a comparative study of bone contact and bone growth induction. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 22, 899–906 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4253-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4253-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation