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SUMO and estrogen receptors in breast cancer

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Abstract

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a family of proteins structurally similar to ubiquitin that have been found to be covalently attached to certain lysine residues of specific target proteins. By contrast to ubiquitination, however, SUMO proteins do not promote protein degradation but, instead, modulate important functional properties, depending on the protein substrate. These properties include—albeit not limited to—subcellular localization, protein dimerization, DNA binding and/or transactivation of transcription factors, among them estrogen receptors. Moreover, it has been suggested that SUMO proteins might affect transcriptional co-factor complexes of the estrogen receptor signalling cascade. Tissue and/or state specificity seems to be one of their intriguing features. In this regard, elucidation of their contribution to estrogen receptor-mediated transcriptional activity during breast carcinogenesis will offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing sensitivity/resistance in currently applied endocrine treatment and/or chemoprevention, and provide novel routes to breast carcinoma therapeutics.

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Abbreviations

AIs:

Aromatase inhibitors

AP-1:

Activator protein-1

AR:

Androgen receptor

C/EBP:

CAAT enhancer-binding protein

EGFR:

Epidermal growth factor receptor

GR:

Glucocorticoid receptor

HECT:

Homologous to E6–AP C-terminus

HSF:

Heat shock transcription factor

Hsp:

Heat shock protein

ILGF-1R:

Insulin like growth factor-1 receptor

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

PCNA:

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

PKA:

Protein kinase A

PPARγ :

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

PR:

Progesterone receptor

RXRα :

Rexinoid receptor α

SREBPs:

Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins

TF:

Transcription factor

TK:

Tyrosine kinase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece

    Michalis V. Karamouzis, Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos & Athanasios G. Papavassiliou

  2. Division of Hematology – Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos

  3. Radiology Department, ‘Thriassion’ General Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Filitsa A. Badra

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  1. Michalis V. Karamouzis
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  2. Panagiotis A. Konstantinopoulos
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  3. Filitsa A. Badra
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  4. Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
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Correspondence to Athanasios G. Papavassiliou.

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Karamouzis, M.V., Konstantinopoulos, P.A., Badra, F.A. et al. SUMO and estrogen receptors in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 107, 195–210 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-007-9552-5

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