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Guided bone regeneration in standardized calvarial defects using beta-tricalcium phosphate and collagen membrane: a real-time in vivo micro-computed tomographic experiment in rats

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Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures using graft materials have been used for reconstruction of osseous defects. The aim of the present in vivo micro-computed tomographic (µCT) and histologic study was to assess in real time the bone regeneration at GBR sites in standardized experimental calvarial defects (diameter 3.3 mm) using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with and without collagen membrane (CM). A single full-thickness calvarial defect was created on the left parietal bone in young female Wistar albino rats (n = 30) weighing approximately 300 g and aged about 6 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into three groups for treatment, based on calvarial defect filling material: (1) control group (n = 10); (2) β-TCP + CM group (n = 10); (3) β-TCP group (n = 10). Real-time in vivo µCT analyses were performed immediately after surgery and at 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks to determine the volume and mineral density of the newly formed bone (BVNFB, MDNFB) and remaining β-TCP particles (VRBP, MDRBP). The animals were killed at 10 weeks and calvarial specimens were evaluated histologically. In the control group, MDNFB increased significantly at 6 weeks (0.32 ± 0.002 g/mm3, P < 0.01) compared to that at baseline. In β-TCP + CM group, BVNFB (1.10 ± 0.12 mm3, P < 0.01) and MDNFB (0.13 ± 0.02 g/mm3, P < 0.01) significantly increased at the 4th week than baseline. In the β-TCP group, BVNFB (1.13 ± 0.12 mm3, P < 0.01) and MDNFB (0.14 ± 0.01 g/mm3, P < 0.01) significantly increased at 6 weeks compared to that at baseline. Significant reduction in VRBP was neither seen in the β-TCP + CM group nor in the β-TCP group. While in the β-TCP + CM group MDRBP was reduced significantly at 6 weeks (0.44 ± 0.9 g/mm3, P < 0.01) from baseline (0.98 ± 0.03 g/mm3), similar significant reduction in MDRBP from baseline (0.92 ± 0.07 g/mm3) was seen only at 10 weeks (0.45 ± 0.06 g/mm3, P < 0.05) in the β-TCP group. Histologic findings at 10 weeks revealed greater amount of NFB with osteocytes in the matrix, in the β-TCP + CM group than in the β-TCP group. Biomechanical assessment of NFB for hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) revealed significantly higher values for the β-TCP + CM group (H = 612.6 ± 4.28 Mpa; E = 13.57 ± 0.07 Gpa) when compared to those of the control (H = 192.1 ± 4.93 Mpa; E = 6.76 ± 0.04 Gpa) and the β-TCP groups (H = 241.9 ± 6.29 Mpa; E = 4.34 ± 0.06 Gpa). In conclusion, based on real-time assessment, NFB is formed in calvarial defects as early as 4 weeks following GBR with β-TCP + CM as compared to 6 weeks when β-TCP alone was used.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the “Deanship of Scientific Research” and “College of Dentistry Research Center”(Registration no. FR 0121), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for their help and support.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest whatsoever.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Sundar Ramalingam, Nasser Nooh & Mohammed Al-Kindi

  2. Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed & Khalid Al-Hezaimi

  3. Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Laboratory, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed, Nasser Nooh & Khalid Al-Hezaimi

  4. Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Aws ArRejaie

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  1. Sundar Ramalingam
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  2. Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed
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Correspondence to Khalid Al-Hezaimi.

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Ramalingam, S., Al-Rasheed, A., ArRejaie, A. et al. Guided bone regeneration in standardized calvarial defects using beta-tricalcium phosphate and collagen membrane: a real-time in vivo micro-computed tomographic experiment in rats. Odontology 104, 199–210 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-015-0211-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-015-0211-8

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