Abstract
Recent studies suggest that primary changes in vascular resistance can cause sustained changes in arterial blood pressure. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about Cl− homeostasis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Within vascular smooth muscle cells, Cl− is accumulated above the electrochemical equilibrium, causing Cl− efflux, membrane depolarization, and increased contractile force when Cl− channels are opened. At least two different transport mechanisms contribute to raise [Cl−] i in vascular smooth muscle cells, anion exchange, and cation-chloride cotransport. Recent work suggests that TMEM16A-associated Ca2+-activated Cl− currents mediate Cl− efflux in vascular smooth muscle cells leading to vasoconstriction. Additional proteins associated with Cl− flux in vascular smooth muscle are bestrophins, which modulate vasomotion, the volume-activated LRRC8, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Cl− transporters and Cl− channels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) significantly contribute to the physiological regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure.
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This work was supported by grants of the DFG and the Else Kröner Fresenius-Stiftung to CAH, a grant of the Thyssen Stiftung to CAH and BCS, and a grant of the DZHK to HE.
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Hübner, C.A., Schroeder, B.C. & Ehmke, H. Regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure: role of chloride transport in vascular smooth muscle. Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol 467, 605–614 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1684-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1684-y