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Characterization of ganoderma spore lipid by stable carbon isotope analysis: implications for authentication

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Abstract

The ratios of stable carbon isotopes (13C/12C) of ganoderma fruiting body, ganoderma spore, ganoderma spore lipid (GSL) and individual fatty acids in GSL were determined by gas chromatography–stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry and elemental analysis–stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. These values fall into a range from −26.9 to −23.3‰, suggesting that the cut log as the Ganoderma-cultivated substrate in Fujian, China, may belong to C3 plants. Eighteen fatty acids were identified and their abundances measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in the six GSL samples with C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 as major constituents, and C16:1 is evidently enriched compared with the other edible vegetable oils. On the basis of the compositions of fatty acids and stable carbon isotopes in GSL, we have developed a novel method to detect the adulteration of GSL products with cheaper edible vegetable oils. An example of ideal blending between GSL and C4 or C3 vegetable oil is further provided to expound the discrimination procedures and corresponding sensitive indicators. Simultaneously, the carbon isotope fractionation in the biosynthesis of individual fatty acids was observed, revealing that the formation of C18:0 from C16:0 in ganodema spores had no conspicuous 13C enrichment of +0.4‰ for Ganoderma sinensis spore and +0.1‰ for G. lucidum spore; the desaturation of C18:0 to C18:1 resulted in a distinct 13C depletion of −1.4‰ for G. sinensis spore and −0.9‰ for G. lucidum spore; and the next desaturation from C18:1 to C18:2 displayed no evident 13C fractionation of −0.1‰ for G. sinensis spore and −0.2‰ for G. lucidum spore.

Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicines. Ganoderma spore lipid (GSL) extracted from the spores of G. lucidum has been approved as a health food supplement. However, because of rarity, GSL has become a target for adulteration with cheaper vegetable oils.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Food Engineering Research Center of State Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Xin Liu, Jiang-Hai Wang, Jian-Ping Yuan, Lian-Xian Guo, Xin Li & Xiao-Ni Huang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Shi-Ping Xu

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  1. Xin Liu
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  2. Shi-Ping Xu
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  5. Lian-Xian Guo
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Correspondence to Jiang-Hai Wang.

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Liu, X., Xu, SP., Wang, JH. et al. Characterization of ganoderma spore lipid by stable carbon isotope analysis: implications for authentication. Anal Bioanal Chem 388, 723–731 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1270-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1270-7

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