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Mechanisms of cellular therapy in respiratory diseases

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Abstract

Purpose

Stem cells present a variety of clinical implications in the lungs. According to their origin, these cells can be divided into embryonic and adult stem cells; however, due to the important ethical and safety limitations that are involved in the embryonic stem cell use, most studies have chosen to focus on adult stem cell therapy. This article aims to present and clarify the recent advances in the field of stem cell biology, as well as to highlight the effects of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in the context of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic disorders such as lung fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods

For this purpose, we performed a critical review of adult stem cell therapies, covering the main clinical and experimental studies published in Pubmed databases in the past 11 years. Different characteristics were extracted from these articles, such as: the experimental model, strain, cellular type and administration route used as well as the positive or negative effects obtained.

Results

There is evidence for beneficial effects of MSC on lung development, repair, and remodeling. The engraftment in the injured lung does not occur easily, but several studies report that paracrine factors can be effective in reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair. MSC releases several growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines that regulate endothelial and epithelial permeability and reduce the severity of inflammation.

Conclusion

A better understanding of the mechanisms that control cell division and differentiation, as well as of their paracrine effects, is required to enable the optimal use of bone marrow-derived stem cell therapy to treat human respiratory diseases.

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Abbreviations

ALI:

Acute lung injury

ARDS:

Acute respiratory distress syndrome

ASC:

Adult stem cells

BMDMC:

Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells

COPD:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

ESC:

Embryonic stem cells

FACS:

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

FGF-2:

Fibroblast growth factor-2

G-CSF:

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GM-CSF:

Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HSC:

Hematopoietic stem cells

IGF-1:

Insulin-like factor-1

IFN-γ:

Interferon-γ

KGF:

Keratinocyte growth factor

MAPC:

Multipotent adult progenitor cells

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells

PC:

Progenitor cells

PDGF:

Platelet-derived stem cells

SDF-1α:

Stromal cell-derived factor-1α

SLC:

Secondary lymphoid chemokine

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-α

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Investigação Pulmonar, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, s/n, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil

    Soraia C. Abreu, Mariana A. Antunes & Patricia R. M. Rocco

  2. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Paolo Pelosi

  3. Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

    Marcelo M. Morales

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  1. Soraia C. Abreu
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  2. Mariana A. Antunes
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  3. Paolo Pelosi
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  4. Marcelo M. Morales
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  5. Patricia R. M. Rocco
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Correspondence to Patricia R. M. Rocco.

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Abreu, S.C., Antunes, M.A., Pelosi, P. et al. Mechanisms of cellular therapy in respiratory diseases. Intensive Care Med 37, 1421–1431 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2268-3

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