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The molecular mechanism of zinc and cadmium stress response in plants

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Abstract

When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four groups: metal-sensitive species, metal-resistant excluder species, metal-tolerant non-hyperaccumulator species, and metal-hypertolerant hyperaccumulator species, each having different molecular mechanisms to accomplish their resistance/tolerance to metal stress or reduce the negative consequences of metal toxicity. Plant responses to heavy metals are molecularly regulated in a process called metal homeostasis, which also includes regulation of the metal-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway. ROS generation and signaling plays an important duel role in heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. In this review, we will compare the different molecular mechanisms of nutritional (Zn) and non-nutritional (Cd) metal homeostasis between metal-sensitive and metal-adapted species. We will also include the role of metal-induced ROS signal transduction in this comparison, with the aim to provide a comprehensive overview on how plants cope with Zn/Cd stress at the molecular level.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences and the EU COST Action FA0905 on “Mineral-improved crop production for healthy food and feed” for funding.

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  1. Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Ya-Fen Lin & Mark G. M. Aarts

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Lin, YF., Aarts, M.G.M. The molecular mechanism of zinc and cadmium stress response in plants. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 69, 3187–3206 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1089-z

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