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Major Depression and Activation of The Inflammatory Response System

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Book cover Cytokines, Stress, and Depression

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 461))

Abstract

Contemporary models of major depression emphasize the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis hyperactivity and of dysfunctions in the turnover of serotonin (5-HT) or catecholamines in the etiopathogenesis of major depression. Contemporary models of major depression do not incorporate the effects of the inflammatory response system (IRS), even though the IRS powerfully influences HPA-axis activity, 5-HT and catecholaminergic turnover and even though activation of the IRS may induce depression-like behavior in animals and humans. There is now evidence that major depression is accompanied by a moderate activation of the IRS (reviews: Maes, 1993; 1995; 1997; Maes, Smith, & Scharpe, 1995c; Holden, Pakula, & Mooney, 1997; Maes & Smith, 1997; Connor & Leonard, 1998; Maier & Watkins, 1998). In this paper we propose a concise IRS model of major depression.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research Center for Mental Health (CRC-MH) Antwerp, Belgium

    Michael Maes M.D., Ph.D. (Director Clinical Research Center for Mental Health)

  2. Istituto Fatebenefratelli, IRCCS, Brescia, Italy

    Michael Maes M.D., Ph.D. (Director Clinical Research Center for Mental Health)

  3. Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA

    Michael Maes M.D., Ph.D. (Director Clinical Research Center for Mental Health)

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  1. Michael Maes M.D., Ph.D.
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  1. INRA-INSERM, Bordeaux, France

    Robert Dantzer

  2. CNRS, Paris, France

    Emmanuelle E. Wollman

  3. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    Raz Yirmiya

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Maes, M. (1999). Major Depression and Activation of The Inflammatory Response System. In: Dantzer, R., Wollman, E.E., Yirmiya, R. (eds) Cytokines, Stress, and Depression. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 461. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-37970-8_2

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