Abstract
Humans imbue the objects of their perception with affective meaning, a phenomenon called affective realism. The affective realism hypothesis proposes that a brain continually predicts the meaning of sensations (e.g., identifying a sound as a siren, or a visual array as a face) in part by representing the current state of the body and the immediate physiological impact that similar sensory events have entailed in the past. However, the precise contribution of physiological activity to experiences of affective realism remains unknown. In the present study, participants’ peripheral physiological activity was recorded while they made social evaluative judgments of target faces displaying neutral expressions. Target faces were shown concurrent with affective images that were suppressed from reportable awareness using continuous flash suppression. Results revealed evidence of affective realism—participants judged target faces more positively when paired with suppressed positive stimuli than suppressed negative stimuli—but this effect was significantly less pronounced among individuals higher in cardiac interoceptive sensitivity. Moreover, while some modest differences in peripheral physiological activity were observed across suppressed affective stimulus conditions, physiological reactivity to affective stimuli did not directly predict social evaluative judgments. We explore the implications of these findings with respect to both theories of emotion and theories detailing a role for interoception in experiences of first-person subjectivity.
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Notes
At the time this study was run, language was used that conflated assigned sex at birth and gender. For example, participants might have selected from options, “man” and “woman.” Future studies should be careful not to perpetuate this type of mislabeling.
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All authors helped develop the research idea. J.B.W., E.S., L.F.B., and K.S.Q. developed the experimental design and collected the data. M.J.F. and J.B.W analyzed the data. M.J.F wrote the article with input from co-authors.
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This research was supported in part by grants from the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (W5J9CQ-12-C-0049 to L.F.B. and W911N-16-1-0191 to K.S.Q. and J.B.W). The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and shall not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other documents.
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Feldman, M.J., Siegel, E., Barrett, L.F. et al. Affect and Social Judgment: The Roles of Physiological Reactivity and Interoceptive Sensitivity. Affec Sci 3, 464–479 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-022-00114-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-022-00114-9