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Maximum Penetration Level Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable DGs of Radial Distribution Networks Considering Voltage Stability

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Abstract

The issues regarding generation uncertainties associated with wind energy and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems along with load demand uncertainties are considered in this paper to evaluate the maximum penetration of renewable energy resources. The nodes which are less voltage stable are considered as the most suitable locations for distributed generations (DGs) placement. For identification of these critical nodes, a voltage stability index (VSI) has been utilized. To analyze the voltage profile, power losses and system voltage stability with large penetration of the wind energy and solar PV into the distribution networks, a probabilistic-based approach has been adopted. The penetration limit depends upon the type of DG that is connected to the distribution network. Usually, the integration of DGs reduces the power losses in the network, however as penetration level increases, the power losses begins to increase. The detailed mathematical models of wind and solar PV-based renewable resources are used. The Hong’s \(2m+1\) point estimation method combined with Cornish–Fisher expansion is adopted in this paper to conduct the probabilistic studies. The effectiveness of the method is validated through IEEE 33-node radial distribution test network for four different scenarios. The results obtained have been verified and compared with Monte Carlo simulation technique.

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Abbreviations

APL:

Active power loss

CDF:

Cumulative distribution function

CPF:

Continuous power flow

DG:

Distributed generation

EDF:

Empirical distribution function

MCS:

Monte Carlo simulation

OLTC:

On-load tap changer

PDF:

Probability density function

PEM:

Point estimation method

PL:

Penetration level

PLF:

Probabilistic load flow

PV:

Photovoltaic

SRSM:

Stochastic response surface method

VSI:

Voltage stability index

WT:

Wind turbine

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Temp. Campus, Govt. I.T. I. Srinagar (Garhwal), Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India

    Mahiraj Singh Rawat

  2. National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India

    Shelly Vadhera

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  1. Mahiraj Singh Rawat
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  2. Shelly Vadhera
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Correspondence to Mahiraj Singh Rawat.

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Rawat, M.S., Vadhera, S. Maximum Penetration Level Evaluation of Hybrid Renewable DGs of Radial Distribution Networks Considering Voltage Stability. J Control Autom Electr Syst 30, 780–793 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00477-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00477-8

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