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The self-efficacy improvement in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus with self-care education through mobile-based social networking

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Abstract

Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic metabolic disease in childhood and adolescence. The increasing use of social networks among adolescents provides a unique opportunity to implement self-care educational programs for improving self-efficacy in diabetic adolescents in terms of awareness, attitude, and performance.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a self-care educational program provided by mobile-based social networking (MBSN) on the self-efficacy of diabetic adolescent girls.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study with 76 Iranian 14- to 18-year-old girls with T1DM was conducted in 2018–2019. The subjects were selected with aconvenient sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The MBSN was applied to implement a self-care educational program in the experimental group for 12 weeks. The Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) questionnaire with the main domains of blood sugar control (BSC), diet control (DC), medical care (MC), and exercise was used to evaluate the self-efficacy level before and 4 weeks after the intervention.

Results

The mean age and T1DM duration of participants were 15.9 ± 1.5 and 7.24 ± 3.9 years, respectively. No significant difference in the self-efficacy of the two groups before the intervention was found. The self-efficacy level in the experimental group was increased after the intervention so that there was a significant difference in this parameter between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.0001). Three DMSES domains of BSC (p = 0.003), DC (p = 0.011), and MC (p = 0.016) after the intervention significantly differed between the two groups.

Conclusion

As the self-care education with MBSN significantly increased the self-efficacy level of girls with T1DM, this technique would be a complementary of health care in educating and supporting diabetic patients in other age groups.

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Availability of data and materials

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.

Abbreviations

BSC:

blood sugar control

COPD:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

DC:

diet control

DMSES:

diabetes management self-efficacy scale

HPS:

healthcare professional’s supervision

MBSN:

mobile-based social networking

MC:

medical care

T1DM:

type 1 diabetes mellitus

T2DM:

type 2 diabetes mellitus

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Acknowledgments

The authors would kindly like to thank the Vice Chancellor’s office for the Research of IUMS, the kind-full officials of the Iranian Diabetes Society, and dear patients who helped us in achieving our study objectives.

Funding

This study was a part of a master’s thesis with financial support of IUMS.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical Surgical Group, Department of Nursing, Abhar School of Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Shahla Biglar Chopoghlo

  2. Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Azadeh Hosseinkhani

  3. Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Leila Khedmat

  4. Doctoral Nursing Students٫, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mahsa Zaki-Nejad

  5. Pediatric Nursing Group, Department of Nursing, Abhar School of Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran

    Maryam Puryaghoob

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  1. Shahla Biglar Chopoghlo
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Contributions

All authors contributed substantially to the research design and/or data acquisition and analysis were involved in drafting the manuscript, approved the final version, and agree to be accountable for addressing any questions relating to the accuracy or integrity of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Maryam Puryaghoob.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study protocol followed the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki. The present study was approved by the ethics committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) with the code of IR.IUMS.REC.1394.9311687001. Informed consent was obtained from all voluntary participants with a full elucidation of the study objectives. The verbal and written informed consent from all the participants and their parents was obtained before performing this research. A single code number was assigned to each of the participants to maintain the confidentiality of their personal and medical information. After completing the study, the self-care training content was provided to the control group as well.

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Not applicable.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Biglar Chopoghlo, S., Hosseinkhani, A., Khedmat, L. et al. The self-efficacy improvement in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus with self-care education through mobile-based social networking. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 41, 676–682 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-021-00929-5

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