Skip to main content
Log in

Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene tectonic events at Farafra-Abu Minqar Stretch, Western Desert, Egypt: results from calcareous plankton

  • S. I. Geology of Africa
  • Published:
Arabian Journal of Geosciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 04 September 2018

This article has been updated

Abstract

This work depends on integrated high-resolution calcareous plankton nannofossil and foraminiferal biostratigraphic analyses for three Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene successions at Farafra-Abu Minqar area, Western Desert, Egypt. These sections are distributed in a north-south geologic profile as follows: El Aqabat, North Gunna, and Abu Minqar. Lithostratigraphically, four formations are recorded in the study area, namely, Khoman (at base), Dakhla, Tarawan, and Esna (at top). In the north at El Aqabat section, Khoman Formation (carbonate facies) is only represented which changes partially toward the south to Dakhla Formation (siliciclastic facies). In the extreme south at Abu Minqar section, it changes completely into siliciclastic facies of Dakhla Formation. Biostratigraphically, seven calcareous nannofossil and eleven planktonic foraminiferal zones represent the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene are identified. Based on the occurrence or missing of these zones accompanied with the field criteria resulted in detecting four tectonic events. These tectonic events took place at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg), the Danian/Selandian (D/S), the Selandian/Thanetian (S/T), and the Paleocene/Eocene (P/E) boundaries. These tectonic events are related to the impact of the Syrian Arc System. Four sequence boundaries (SB1, SB2, SB3, and SB4) are defined in the Late Cretaceous-Early Paleogene sequence in the Farafra-Abu Minqar area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Plate 1
Plate 2
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 04 September 2018

    The article which was recently published, contained error. The figures, plates and figure captions were interchanged.

References

  • Abd El Kireem MR, Samir AM (1995) Biostratigraphic implications of the Maastrichtian-Lower Eocene sequence at the North Gunna section, Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. Mar Micropaleontol 26:329–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agnini C, Fornaciari E, Raffi I, Rio D, Röhl U, Westerhold T (2007) High resolution nannofossil biochronology of middle Paleocene to early Eocene at ODP Site 1262: implications for calcareous nannoplankton evolution. Mar Micropaleontol 64:215–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry M-P (1995) Towards an upper Paleocene-lower Eocene high resolution stratigraphy based on calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy. Israel J Earth Sci 44:239–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Aubry M-P (1999) Late Paleocene-early Eocene sedimentary history in western Cuba: implications for the LPT and for regional tectonic history. Micropaleontology 45:5–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aubry M-P, Ouda K, Dupuis C, Berggren WA, Van Couvering JA, Ali J, Brinkhuis H, Gingerich PR, Heilmann-Clausen C, Hooker J, Kent DV, King C, Knox RW, Laga P, Molina E, Schmitz B, Steurbaut E, Ward DR (2007) The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt). Episodes 30:271–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Aubry M-P, Rodriguez O, Bord D, Godfrey L, Schmitz B, Knox RW (2012) The first radiation of the Fasciculiths: morphologic adaptations of the coccolithophores to oligotrophy. Aust J Earth Sci 105(1):29–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Awad GH, Ghobrial MG (1965) Zonal stratigraphy of the Kharga oasis. Ministry of Industry, General Egyptian Organization for Geological Research and Mining, Geolological survey. Cairo, 34:1–77

  • Berggren WA, Pearson PN (2005) A revised tropical to subtropical Paleogene planktonic foraminiferal zonation. J Foraminifer Res 35(4):279–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berggren WA, Kent DV, Swisher CC, Aubry MP (1995) A revised Cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In: Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V. & Hardenbol, J. (eds), Geochronology, time scales and global stratigraphic correlations: a unified temporal framework for a historical geology. SEPM, Spec Publ, 54: 129–213

  • Bernaola G, Martín-Rubio M, Baceta JI (2009) New high resolution calcareous nannofossil analysis across the Danian–Selandian transition at the Zumaia section: comparisons with South Tethys and Danish sections. Geol Acta 7:79–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Bown PR, Young JR (1998) Techniques. In: Bown PR (ed) Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy. Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishing, Dordrecht, pp 16–28

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bramlette MN, Sullivan FR (1961) Coccolithophorids and related nannoplankton of the Early Tertiary in California. Micropaleontology 7:129–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bukry D, Bramlette MN (1970) Coccolith age determinations, Leg 3, Deep Sea Drilling Project. In: Maxwell, A.E., Von Herzen, R.P., et al. (Eds.), Initial Report DSDP 3, 589–11

  • Cêpek P, Hay WW (1969) Calcareous nannoplankton and biostratigraphic subdivisions of the Upper Cretaceous. Trans Gulf Coast Assoc Geol Soc 19:323–336

    Google Scholar 

  • El Ayyat AM, Obaidalla NA (2013) Stratigraphy, sedimentology and tectonic evolution of the Upper Cretaceous/Paleogene succession in north Eastern Desert, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 81:35–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Ayyat AM, Obaidalla NA (2016) The impact of the Syrian Arc Orogeny on the Early Paleogene rocks, western shoulder of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 454:30–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Azabi MH, El-Araby A (2000) Depositional cycles, an approach to the sequence stratigraphy of the Dakhla Formation, west Dakhla-Farafra stretch, Western Desert, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 30:971–996

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Azabi MH, Farouk S (2011) High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Maastrichtian-Ypresian succession along the eastern scarp face of Kharga oasis, southern Western Desert, Egypt. Sedimentology 58(3):579–617

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El-Dawy MH, Obaidalla NA, Mahfouz KH, Abdel Wahed SA (2016) Paleocene-Eocene transition at Naqb Assiut, Kharga oasis, Western Desert, Egypt: stratigraphical and paleoenvironmental inferences. J Afr Earth Sci 117:207–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • El Younsy ARM, Khalil M (2005) Diagenesis and diagenetic processes in view of Sequence Stratigraphy for the Upper Cretaceous-lower Eocene sequence, Farafra oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. 5th International Conference on Geology of Africa, Assiut, Egypt, I: 519–538

  • El Younsy ARM, Obaidalla NA, Philobbos ER, Salman AM (2015) Depositional environments and sequence stratigraphy of the Campanian-Eocene succession, Gabal Oweina area, Upper Egypt. The 8th International Conference On the Geology of Africa, Assiut University, Egypt, I: 73–97

  • Faris M (1994-1995) Morphometric analysis of Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis Vekshina, 1959, in the Upper Cretaceous rocks of Egypt and its stratigraphic importance. Ann Geol Surv Egypt, XX: 585–601

  • Faris M, Salem M (2007) Paleocene-Early Eocene Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy in West Central Sina, Egypt. Proceeding of the 8th Conference of Geology of Sinai for Development Ismailia, 2007, pp. 1–14

  • Farouk S, El-Sorogy AB (2015) Danian/Selandian unconformity in the central and southern Western Desert of Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 103:42–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hardenbol J, Thierry J, Farley MB, Jacquin T, de Graciansky PC, Vail PR (1998) Mesozoic-Cenozoic sequence chronostratigraphy framework of European basins. In: Sequence stratigraphy of European basins (Eds P.-C. de Graciansky, J. Hardenbol, T. Jacquin and P.R. Vail), SEPM Spec Publ, 60: 3–14

  • Hendriks F, Luger P, Bowitz J, Kallenbach H (1987) Evolution of the depositional environment of SE-Egypt during the Cretaceous and Tertiary. Berl. Geo. Abh. (A) 75:49–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermina M (1990) The surroundings of Kharga, Dakhla and Farafra oases. In: Said R (ed) The geology of Egypt. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 259–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewaidy AA, El-Azabi MH, Farouk Sh (2006) Facies associations and sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Eocene succession in the Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt. The 8th International Conference on Geology of Arab World (GAW 8), Cairo University, Egypt, II: 569–599

  • Issawi B, Francis MH, Youssef EAA, Osman RA (2009) The Phanerozoic geology of Egypt. In: Special Publication, 81. The Egyptian Mineral Recourse Authority, Cairo, pp 589

  • Kassab A, Keheila AE (1994) Paleocene biostratigraphy and sea level changes of the northern Eastern Desert of Egypt. Newsl Stratigr 31(2):85–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keheila E (2000) Lower Eocene facies, environments and evolution of sedimentary basins in southern Galala, Egypt: evidence for global coastal onlap and tectonics. 2nd International Conference on the Basic Sciences and Technology, Assiut, Egypt, 75-104

  • Keheila EA, Kassab A (2001) Stratigraphy and sedimentation-tectonics of the Campanian-Thanetian succession in North Wadi Qena and southern Galala, Eastern Desert, Egypt: evidence for major and regional erosive unconformities. Bulletin Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt 30(1-F):73–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerdany MT (1968) Paleontology and regional correlation studies of the upper Cretaceous and lower Tertiary rocks of middle Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt

  • Khalifa MA, Zaghloul EA (1985) Stratigraphy and depositional history of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene sequence in Abu Minqar-Farafra stretch, Western Desert, Egypt. Ann Geol SurvEgypt XV:275–285

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuss J, Scheibner C, Gietl R (2000) Carbonate platform to basin transition along an Upper Cretaceous to Lower Tertiary Syrian Arc uplift, Galala Plateaus, Eastern Desert of Egypt. Geo Arabia 5:405–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Li L, Keller G (1998) Diversification and extinction in Campanian-Maastrichtian planktic foraminifera of Northwestern Tunisia. Eclogae Geol Helv 91:75–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Lüning S, Marzouk AM, Kuss J (1998) The Paleocene of central East Sinai, Egypt: “sequence stratigraphy” in monotonous hemipelagites. J Foraminifer Res 28:19–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Martini E (1971) Standard Tertiary and Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton zonation. In Farinacci, A. (Ed.), Proceeding of the 2nd Planktonic Conference, Roma, 1970, 2: 739–785

  • Monechi S, Reale V, Bernaola G, Balestra B (2013) The Danian/Selandian boundary at Site 1262 (South Atlantic) and in the Tethyan region: biomagnetostratigraphy, evolutionary trends in fasciculiths and environmental effects of the Latest Danian Event. Mar Micropaleontol 98:28–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Obaidalla NA, Kassab A (2000) Biostratigraphy of the Khoman Formation, Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt: an approach to the K/T boundary. Egypt J Geol 44:443–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Obaidalla NA, El Ayyat AM, Kassab A (2006) Biostratigraphical and sedimentological studies on the Upper Cretaceous/Paleogene sequence, Western Desert, Egypt. Assiut Univ J Geol 35:141–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Omara S, Hemida I, Sanad S (1970) Structure and hydrogeology of Farafra Oasis, Western Desert, 7th Arab Petroleum Congress, Kuwait, Paper 65, p. 15

  • Perch-Nielsen K (1979) Calcareous nannofossil zonation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Denmark. Proc. Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Events Symposium, Copenhagen, 1:115–135

  • Perch-Nielsen K (1981a) New Maastrichtian and Paleocene calcareous nannofossils from Africa, Demnark, the USA and the Atlantic, and some Paleocene lineages. Eclogae Geol Helv 73:831–863

    Google Scholar 

  • Perch-Nielsen K (1981b) Les coccolithes du Palèocéne près de El kef. Tunisie et leurs ancêtres Cah Micropaleontol 3:7–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Perch-Nielsen K (1981c) Les nannofossiles calcaires á la limite Crétacé-Tertiaire près de El Kef. Tunisie Cah Micropaleontol 3:25–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Perch-Nielsen K (1985) Cenozoic calcareous nanofossils. In: Bolli, H.M., Saunders, J.B., Perch-Nielsen, K. (Eds.), Plankton stratigraphy volume 1 (pp. 427–554). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

  • Romein AJT (1979) Lineages in Early Paleogene calcareous nannoplankton. Utrecht Micropaleontol Bull 22:1–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Romein AJT, Smit J (1981) The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: calcareous nannofossils and stable isotopes. Paleontol Proc 84:295–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Said R (1961) Tectonic framework of Egypt and its influence on the distribution of foraminifera. Am Assoc Pet Geol Bull 45:198–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Said R (1962) The geology of Egypt. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 377 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Said R (1990) The geology of Egypt. Balkema, Rotterdam, 734p

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz B, Pujalte V, Molina E, Monechi S, Orue-Etxebarria X, Speijer RP, Alegret L, Apellaniz E, Arenillas I, Aubry MP, Baceta JI, Berggren WA, Bernaola G, Caballero F, Clemmensen A, Dinarès-Turell J, Dupuis C, Heilmann-Clausen C, Orús AH, Knox R, Martín-Rubio M, Ortiz S, Payros A, Petrizzo MR, von Salis K, Sprong J, Steurbaut E, Thomsen E (2011) The global stratotype sections and points for the bases of the Selandian (Middle Paleocene) and Thanetian (Upper Paleocene) stages at Zumaia, Spain. Episodes 34(4):220–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Sissingh W (1977) Biostratigraphy of the Cretaceous nannoplankton. Geolgie en Minjbouw 56:37–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Soliman MF, Obaidalla NA (2010) Danian-Selandian transition at Gabal el-Qreiya section, Nile Valley (Egypt): lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abhandlungen 258:1–30 Stuttgart

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soliman MF, Obaidalla NA (2013) Mid-Paleocene event at Gabal Nezzazat, Sinai, Egypt: planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, mineralogy and geochemistry. Arab J Geosci 7:4079–4099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-013-1066-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strougo A (1986) The Velascoensis event: a significant episode of tectonic activity in the Egyptian Paleogene. Neues Jb Geol Paläontol Abh 173:253–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Tantawy AA (2003) Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. Mar Micropaleontol 47:323–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tantawy AA (2006) Calcareous nannofossils of the Paleocene–Eocene transition at Qena Region, Central Nile Valley, Egypt. Micropaleontology 52:193–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tantawy AA, Keller G, Adatte T, Stinnesbeck W, Kassab A, Schulte P (2001) Maastrichtian to Paleocene depositional environment of the Dakhla Formation, Western Desert, Egypt: sedimentology, mineralogy, and integrated micro- and macrofossil biostratigraphies. Cretac Res 22:795–827

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varol O (1989) Palaeocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy. In: Crux, J. A. and Van Heck, S. E., Eds., Nannofossils and their applications, 267–310. London: The Geological Society. British Micropaleontologica Society Publication 12

  • Worsley TR (1974) The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event in the ocean. In: Hay, W. W. (Ed.): Studies in paleoceanography. SEPM Special Publication, 20: 94–121

  • Worsley TR, Martini E (1970) Late Maastrichtian nannoplankton provinces. Nature 225:1242–1243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Youssef MI, Abdel-Aziz W (1971) Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary in Farafra Oasis, Libyan Desert, Egypt. Symposium Geology Libya, Tripoli, 1971; Faculty of Science, University Libya, 227–249

  • Zaky Kh S, Youssef MM, El Younsy ARM (2005) Structural setting and tectonic evolution of the Farafra oasis, central Western Desert, Egypt. 5th International Conference of the Geology of Africa, Assiut, Egypt, I: 197–214

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amr A. Metwally.

Additional information

The original version of this article was revised: the article which was recently published, contained error. The figures, plates and figure captions were interchanged.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on New Advances and Research results on the Geology of Africa

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Faris, M., Obaidalla, N.A., Metwally, A.A. et al. Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene tectonic events at Farafra-Abu Minqar Stretch, Western Desert, Egypt: results from calcareous plankton. Arab J Geosci 11, 429 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3787-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3787-9

Keywords

Navigation