Abstract
The in vivo biodistribution of Fe@C nanoparticles (NP) was tested in mice bearing an inflammatory focus induced by injecting carrageenan into an air pouch previously formed on their back. The animals were intravenously injected NP with a high (60 mg/kg) or a low iron dose (6 mg/kg) and sacrificed 2 h later. Blood and organ samples (liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) were obtained; washed exudates were also collected. Iron concentration in plasma, blood cells, organs, and exudates was determined by flameless atomic-absorption-spectroscopy after digestion of organic material. Pouch exudate volume increased in all groups of mice with experimental inflammation. After i.v. administration of the high and low dose of NP, iron in exudate increased by 83.3% and 92.2%, respectively. A similar increase in hepatic iron appeared after the high dose (78%), but no increase appeared after the low dose. When the magnet was present, a 157% and 119% increase of iron in exudate appeared after both doses of NPs, but only the high dose of NP increased iron liver (60%). The presence of a magnetic field in the pouch favored selective biodistribution of NP in the inflammatory focus. These results indicate that mice with an inflammatory compartment are suitable for primary screening of different NP types. They also show that selective biodistribution is greater when a low dose of NP was used and that distribution in the target organ was increased by the magnetic field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad, K. A., Drummond, J. L., Graber, T., and BeGole, E., Magnetic strength and corrosion of rare earth magnets. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial. Orthop., 130, 275.e11–275.e15 (2006).
Arruebo, M., Fernández-Pacheco, R., Ibarra, M. R., and Santamaría, J., Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. Nanotoday, 2, 22–32 (2007).
Azarmi, S., Roa, W. H., and Löbenberg, R., Targeted delivery of nanoparticles for the treatment of lung diseases. Adv. Drug Del. Rev., 60, 863–875 (2008).
Barry, S. E., Challenges in the development of magnetic particles for therapeutic applications. Int. J. Hyperthermia, 24, 451–466 (2008).
Butoescu, N., Seemayer, C. A., Foti, M., Jordan, O., and Doelker, E., Dexamethasone-containing PLGA superparamagnetic microparticles as carriers for the local treatment of arthritis. Biomaterials, 30, 1772–1780 (2009).
De Jong, W. H. and Borm, P. J. A.., Drug delivery and nanoparticles: Applications and hazards. Int. J. Nanomed., 3, 133–149 (2008).
De Jong, W. H., Hagens, W. I., Krystek, P., Burger, M. C., Sips, A. J. A. M., and Geertsma, R. E., Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration. Biomaterials, 19, 1912–1919 (2008).
Dobson, J., Magnetic Nanoparticles for drug delivery. Drug Dev. Res., 67, 55–60 (2006).
Evans, R. D. and McDonald, F., Effect of corrosion products (neodymium iron boron) on oral fibroblast proliferation. J. Appl. Biomater., 6, 199–202 (1995).
Fernández-Pacheco, R., Marquina, C., Valdivia, J. G., Gutiérrez, M., Romero, M. S., Cornudella, R., Laborda, A., Viloria, A., Higuera, T., García, A., García de Jalón, J. A., and Ibarra, M. R., Magnetic nanoparticles for local drug delivery using magnetic implants. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 311, 318–322 (2007).
Gamarra, L. F., Pontuschka, W. M., Amaro, E., Jr., Costa-Filho, A. J., Brito, G. E. S., Vieira, E. D., Carneiro, S. M., Escriba, D. M., Falleiros, A. M. F., and Salvador, V. L. Kinetics of elimination and distribution in blood and liver of biocompatible ferrofluids based on Fe3O4 nanoparticles: An EPR and XRF study. Mat. Sci. Engin C, 28, 519–525 (2008).
Goya, G. F, Grazú, V., and Ibarra, M. R., Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy. Curr. Nanosci., 4, 1–16 (2008).
Häfeli, U.O. Magnetically modulated therapeutic systems. Int. J. Pharm., 277, 19–24 (2004).
Ito, A., Shinkai, M., Honda, H., and Kobayashi, T., Medical Application of Funcionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. J. Biosci. Bioeng., 100, 1–11 (2005).
Kim, J. S., Yoon, T.-J., Yu, K. N., Kim, B. G., Park, S. J., Kim, H. W., Lee, K. H., Park, S. B, Lee, J. K., and Cho, M. H., Toxicity and tissue distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in mice. Toxicological. Sci., 89, 338–347 (2006).
Kreuter, J., Täuber U., and Illi V., Distribution and elimination of poly(methyl-2-14C-methacrylate) nanoparticle radioactivity after injection in rats and mice. J. Pharm. Sci., 68, 1443–1447 (2006).
Ma, H.-L., Qi, X.-R., Ding, W.-X., Maitani, Y., and Nagai, T., Magnetic targeting after femoral artery administration and biocompatibility assessment of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J. Biomed. Mat. Res., 84, 598–606 (2008a).
Ma, H. L., Xu, Y. F., Qi, X. R., Maitani, Y., and Nagai, T., Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by alginate: pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and applications in detecting liver cancers. Int. J. Pharm., 354, 217–226 (2008b).
Malaiya, A. and Vyas, S. P., Peparation and characterization of indomethacin magnetic nanoparticles. J. Microencapsul., 5, 243–253 (1988).
Mc Bain, S. C., Yiu, H. H., and Dobson, J., Magnetic nanoparticles for gene and drug delivery. Int. J. Nanomed., 3, 169–180 (2008).
Mitruka, B. M. and Rawnsley, H. M., Clinical Biochemical and hematological reference values in normal experimental animals. Masson Publishing USA, Inc, New York, p. 115, (1997).
Noar, J. H., Wahab, A., Evans, R. D., and Wojcik, A. G., The durability of parylene coatings on neodymium-iron-boron magnets. Eur. J. Orthod., 21, 685–693 (1999).
Romano, M., Faggioni, R., Sironi, M., Sacco, S., Echtenacher, B., Di Santo, E., Salmona, M., and Ghezzi, P., Carrageenaninduced acute inflammation in the mouse air pouch synovial model. Role of tumor necrosis factor. Mediat. Inflamm., 6, 32–38 (1997).
Soler, M. A., Báo, S. N., Alcântara, G. B., Tibúrcio, V. H., Paludo, G. R., Santana, J. F., Guedes, M. H., Lima, E. C. D., Lacava, Z. G. M., and Morais, P. C., Interaction of Erythrocytes with Magnetic Nanoparticles. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 7, 1069–1071 (2007).
Sonavane, G., Tomoda, K., and Makino, K., Biodistribution of colloidal gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration: effect of particle size. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 66, 274–280 (2008).
Van Beers, B. E., Sempoux, C., Materne, R., Delos, M., and Smith, A. M., Biodistribution of ultrasmall iron oxide particles in the rat liver. J. Mag. Reson. Imaging., 13, 594–599 (2001).
Vyas, S. P. and Malaiya, A., In vivo characterization of indomethacin magnetic polymethyl methacrilate nanoparticles. J. Microencapsul., 5, 243–253 (1989).
Wilson, M., Patel, H., Lpendema, H., Noar, J. H., Hunt, N. P., and Mordan, N. J., Corrosion of the intra-oral magnets by multi-species biofilms in the presence and absence of sucrose. Biomaterials, 18, 53–57 (1997).
Yellen, B. B., Forbes, Z. G., Halverson, D. S., Fridman, G., Barbee, K. A., Chorny, M., Levy, R., and Friedman, G., Targeted drug delivery to magnetic implants for therapeutic applications. J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 293, 647–654 (2005).
Zavisova, V., Koneracka, M., Strbak, O., Tomasovicova, N., Kopcansky, P., Timko, M., and Vavra, I., Encapsulation of indomethacin in magnetic biodegradable polymer nanoparticles. J. Mag. Magn. Mat., 311, 379–382 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Escribano, E., Fernández-Pacheco, R., Valdivia, J.G. et al. Effect of magnet implant on iron biodistribution of Fe@C nanoparticles in the mouse. Arch. Pharm. Res. 35, 93–100 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-012-0109-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-012-0109-8