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Autophagy in synaptic development, function, and pathology

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Abstract

In the nervous system, neurons contact each other to form neuronal circuits and drive behavior, relying heavily on synaptic connections. The proper development and growth of synapses allows functional transmission of electrical information between neurons or between neurons and muscle fibers. Defects in synapse-formation or development lead to many diseases. Autophagy, a major determinant of protein turnover, is an essential process that takes place in developing synapses. During the induction of autophagy, proteins and cytoplasmic components are encapsulated in autophagosomes, which fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes. The cargoes are subsequently degraded and recycled. However, aberrant autophagic activity may lead to synaptic dysfunction, which is a common pathological characteristic in several disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of autophagy in regulating synaptic development and function. In addition, autophagy-related synaptic dysfunction in human diseases is also summarized.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Hangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China

    Dan-Na Shen, Li-Hui Zhang & Yi Yang

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Er-Qing Wei

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  1. Dan-Na Shen
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Shen, DN., Zhang, LH., Wei, EQ. et al. Autophagy in synaptic development, function, and pathology. Neurosci. Bull. 31, 416–426 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-015-1536-6

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