Abstract
Scientific information on the ash quality of Tachigalis vulgaris wood may reveal nutrient export mechanisms in energy forests and also insights into the wood quality for thermochemical conversions. This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient export and technological implications of ashes in the combustion of T. vulgaris grown in different planting spacings (4.5 m2;6.0 m2; 7.5 m2; 9 m2; 10.5 m2; 12.0 m2). The levels of inorganic elements were determined for 7-year-old trees cultivated in experimental plantations across the eastern Amazonia region. The element contents were used to obtain the export of nutrients and to calculate the fouling index (FI), basic to acidic compound ratio (B/A), sintering index (SI), slag viscosity index (SR), bed agglomeration index (BAI), and alkali index (AI). The most exported nutrients were Ca (18.7 kg/ha), P (13.9 kg/ha), and K (6.6 kg/ha). The FI, B/A, SI, and SR indices suggested deposition problems in the boilers for all planting spacings. However, BAI and AI indicated a low propensity to form fouling and slag. The spacing significantly influenced the P export. Planting spacing of 12 m2 demands increased P fertilization to maintain plantation productivity. The low ratio between alkaline earth and alkaline elements and high P2O5 values in the ash of T. vulgaris are disadvantageous. However, the high Al2O3 level and low ash content may contribute to the increase in the melting temperature of the ash. The study revealed that Tachigali vulgaris is a suitable species for wood production in energy forests.
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Data Availability
Datasets that support the conclusions are included in the manuscript. In addition, the datasets analyzed in this research are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful for the support of the Laboratory for Technology of Forest Products of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA, Brazil), the Multiuser Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biomass Energy of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA, Brazil), the Jari Cellulose Group, the Embrapa Eastern Amazon and Dr. Patrícia de Oliveira Nunes (Applied Analytical Spectrometry Group /Federal University of Pará) for supporting the analysis of the inorganic chemistry of the wood of T. vulgaris, and to the researchers Marilene Olga dos Santos Silva and Isael Costa for supporting in collecting the wood samples.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq—process no. 306793/2019–9) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES—finance code 001 and Edital Procad Amazônia 2018—process no. 88881.199859/2018–01).
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Highlights
• Tachigali vulgaris wood contained high levels and a wide variation of aluminum.
• The high wood dry mass of T. vulgaris in Amazonian soils confirms its adaptation.
• T. vulgaris planted at 12 m2 spacing requires P fertilization for better productivity.
• The most exported nutrients by T. vulgaris wood were Ca, P, and K.
• T. vulgaris wood has a low propensity to form sintering.
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dos Santos, E.V., Lima, M.D.R., Dantas, K.d. et al. The Inorganic Composition of Tachigali vulgaris Wood: Implications for Bioenergy and Nutrient Balances of Planted Forests in the Amazonia. Bioenerg. Res. 17, 114–128 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-023-10679-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-023-10679-3