Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is an essential allergen in allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. The pathogenic mechanism of allergy is associated with cytokine release of lymphocytes and constitutive apoptosis of neutrophils. In this study, we examined whether HDM induces cytokine release of lymphocytes and whether the secretion of cytokines is involved in modulation of neutrophil apoptosis. In normal and allergic subjects, extract of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) increased IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and GM-CSF secretion in a time-dependent manner. This secretion was suppressed by PAR2i, an inhibitor of PAR2, in a dose-dependent manner, as well as by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, AKTi, an inhibitor of Akt, PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, and BAY-11-7085, and an inhibitor of NF-κB. DP induced ERK and NF-κB activation in a time-dependent manner. ERK activation was suppressed by PAR2i, LY294002, and AKTi, and NF-κB activation was blocked by PAR2i, LY294002, AKTi, and PD98059. Supernatants collected from normal and allergic neutrophils after DP treatment inhibited the apoptosis of normal and allergic neutrophils through suppression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 cleavage. DP inhibited neutrophil apoptosis in coculture of normal neutrophils with normal lymphocytes, similar to the anti-apoptotic effects of DP on neutrophils alone. DP more strongly inhibited apoptosis of allergic neutrophils cocultured with allergic lymphocytes than allergic neutrophils without lymphocytes. In summary, DP induces the release of cytokines through the PAR2/PI3K/Akt/ERK/NF-κB pathway, which has anti-apoptotic effects on neutrophils of normal and allergic subjects. These results will facilitate elucidation of the pathogenic mechanism of allergic diseases.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Holgate ST. Pathogenesis of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008;38(6):872–97. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02971.x.
Rondón C, Campo P, Togias A, Fokkens WJ, Durham SR, Powe DG, et al. Local allergic rhinitis: concept, pathophysiology, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(6):1460–7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.032.
Kim IS, Kim DH, Yun CY, Lee JS. A (S)-(+)-decursin derivative, (S)-(+)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]-chromen-3-yl-ester, attenuates the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions in NC/Nga mice. Mol Biol Rep. 2013;40(3):2541–8. doi:10.1007/s11033-012-2339-8.
Thomas WR, Smith WA, Hales BJ, Mills KL, O’Brien RM. Characterization and immunobiology of house dust mite allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2002;129(1):1–18.
Thomas WR, Hales BJ, Smith WA. House dust mite allergens in asthma and allergy. Trends Mol Med. 2010;16(7):321–8. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2010.04.008.
Gregory LG, Lloyd CM. Orchestrating house dust mite-associated allergy in the lung. Trends Immunol. 2011;32(9):402–11. doi:10.1016/j.it.2011.06.006.
Jacquet A. The role of innate immunity activation in house dust mite allergy. Trends Mol. 2011;17(10):604–11. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.05.014.
Tsai JJ, Liu SH, Yin SC, Yang CN, Hsu HS, Chen WB, et al. Mite allergen Der-p2 triggers human B lymphocyte activation and Toll-like receptor-4 induction. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e23249. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023249.
Lee JS, Kim IS, Ryu JS, Yun CY. House dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronissinus increases expression of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Cytokine. 2008;42(3):365–71. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2008.03.010.
Yang EJ, Choi E, Ko J, Kim DH, Lee JS. Differential effect of CCL2 on constitutive neutrophil apoptosis between normal and asthmatic subjects. J Cell Physiol. 2012;227(6):2567–77. doi:10.1002/jcp.22995.
Kim EH, Lee JS, Lee NR, Baek SY, Kim EJ, Lee SJ, et al. Regulation of constitutive neutrophil apoptosis due to house dust mite allergen in normal and allergic rhinitis subjects. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e105814. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105814.
Kim DH, Choi E, Lee JS, Lee NR, Baek SY, Gu A, et al. House dust mite allergen regulates constitutive apoptosis of normal and asthmatic neutrophils via toll-like receptor 4. PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0125983. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125983.
Pelletier M, Micheletti A, Cassatella MA. Modulation of human neutrophil survival and antigen expression by activated CD4+ and CD8+T cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2010;88(6):1163–70. doi:10.1189/jlb.0310172.
Scapini P, Cassatella MA. Social networking of human neutrophils within the immune system. Blood. 2014;124(5):710–9. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-03-453217.
Holgate ST. New strategies with anti-IgE in allergic diseases. World Allergy Organ J. 2014;7(1):17. doi:10.1186/1939-4551-7-17.
Monteseirín J. Neutrophils and asthma. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2009;19(5):340–54.
Bellanti JA. Cytokines and allergic diseases: clinical aspects. Allergy Asthma Proc. 1998;19(6):337–41.
Gabay C. Interleukin-6 and chronic inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(Suppl 2):S3.
Rossi D, Zlotnik A. The biology of chemokines and their receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:217–42.
Manz MG, Boettcher S. Emergency granulopoiesis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(5):302–14. doi:10.1038/nri3660.
Hammad H, Chieppa M, Perros F, Willart MA, Germain RN. House dust mite allergen induces asthma via Toll-like receptor 4 triggering of airway structural cells. Nat Med. 2009;15(4):410–6. doi:10.1038/nm.1946.
Trompette A, Divanovic S, Visintin A, Blanchard C, Hegde RS. Allergenicity resulting from functional mimicry of a Toll-like receptor complex protein. Nature. 2009;457(7229):585–8. doi:10.1038/nature07548.
Li T1, He S. Induction of IL-6 release from human T cells by PAR-1 and PAR-2 agonists. Immunol Cell Biol. 2006; 84(5):461-6.
Shpacovitch V, Feld M, Hollenberg MD, Luger TA, Steinhoff M. Role of protease-activated receptors in inflammatory responses, innate and adaptive immunity. J Leukoc Biol. 2008;83(6):1309–22. doi:10.1189/jlb.0108001.
Liang G, Barker T, Xie Z, Charles N, Rivera J, Druey KM. Naive T cells sense the cysteine protease allergen papain through protease-activated receptor 2 and propel TH2 immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;129(5):1377.e13–1386.e13. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.035.
Kato T, Takai T, Fujimura T, Matsuoka H, Ogawa T, Murayama K, et al. Mite serine protease activates protease-activated receptor-2 and induces cytokine release in human keratinocytes. Allergy. 2009;64(9):1366–74. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02023.x.
Shi J, Luo Q, Chen F, Chen D, Xu G, Li H. Induction of IL-6 and IL-8 by house dust mite allergen Der p1 in cultured human nasal epithelial cells is associated with PAR/PI3K/NFkappaB signaling. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2010;72(5):256–65. doi:10.1159/000312687.
Post S, Heijink IH, Petersen AH, de Bruin HG, van Oosterhout AJ, Nawijn MC. Protease-activated receptor-2 activation contributes to house dust mite-induced IgE responses in mice. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e91206. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091206.
Trian T, Allard B, Dupin I, Carvalho G, Ousova O, Maurat E, et al. House dust mites induce proliferation of severe asthmatic smooth muscle cells via an epithelium-dependent pathway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(5):538–46. doi:10.1164/rccm.201409-1582OC.
Kemp AS. Allergic rhinitis. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2009;10(2):63–8. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2009.02.002.
Sin B, Togias A. Pathophysiology of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2011;8(1):106–14. doi:10.1513/pats.201008-057RN.
Acknowledgments
We thank normal volunteers and allergic patients to participate in this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, N.R., Baek, S.Y., Gu, A. et al. House dust mite allergen suppresses neutrophil apoptosis by cytokine release via PAR2 in normal and allergic lymphocytes. Immunol Res 64, 123–132 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-015-8730-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12026-015-8730-5