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Cerium and Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles Against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rat Hippocampus

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Abstract

Due to numerous industrial applications, lead has caused widespread pollution in the environment; it seems that the central nervous system (CNS) is the main target for lead in the human body. Oxidative stress and programmed cell death in the CNS have been assumed as two mechanisms related to neurotoxicity of lead. Cerium oxide (CeO2) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles have recently shown antioxidant effects, particularly when used together, through scavenging the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) required for cell apoptosis. We looked into the neuroprotective effects of the combinations of these nanoparticles against acute lead-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus. We used five groups in this study: control, lead, CeO2 nanoparticles + lead, Y2O3 nanoparticles + lead, and CeO2 and Y2O3 nanoparticles + lead. Nanoparticles of CeO2 (1000 mg/kg) and Y2O3 (230 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally during 2 days prior to intraperitoneal injection of the lead (25 mg/kg for 3 days). At the end of the treatments, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes activity, and apoptosis indexes were investigated. The results demonstrated that pretreatments with CeO2 and/or Y2O3 nanoparticles recovered lead-caused oxidative stress markers (ROS, lipid peroxidation, and total thiol molecules) and apoptosis indexes (Bax/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 protein expression). Besides, these nanoparticles reduced the activities of lead-induced superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the ADP/ATP ratio. Interestingly, the best recovery resulted from the compound of these nanoparticles. Based on these outcomes, it appears that this combination may potentially be beneficial for protection against lead-caused acute toxicity in the brain through improving the oxidative stress-mediated programmed cell death pathway.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from IUMS.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to research, authorship, and/or publication of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran

    Asieh Hosseini & Ali Mohammad Sharifi

  2. Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Rezvan Najafi

  3. Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Mohammad Sharifi & Samira Rayegan

  4. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Abdollahi, Maryam Baeeri, Shokoufeh Hassani & Zahra Bayrami

  5. Research Center for Urology and Nephrology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Jamshid Cheshmehnour

  6. Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, and Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Majid Safa

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  1. Asieh Hosseini
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Correspondence to Asieh Hosseini.

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Hosseini, A., Sharifi, A., Abdollahi, M. et al. Cerium and Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles Against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rat Hippocampus. Biol Trace Elem Res 164, 80–89 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0197-z

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