Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The use of bolus insulin and advancing insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes

  • Published:
Current Diabetes Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Attention to meal-related insulin replacement in type 2 diabetes is important as insulin deficiency progresses. The physiology in type 2 and type 1 diabetes differs, and optimal use of basal-bolus therapy in type 2 diabetes requires attention to such issues as the role for oral medications, residual endogenous insulin, and differing meal patterns in older and more obese individuals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR: Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. JAMA 1999, 281:2005–2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Rosenbloom AL, Joe JR, Young RS, Winter WE: Emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes in youth. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:345–354.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hillier TA, Pedula KL: Complications in young adults with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2999–3005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mudaliar SR, Lindberg FA, Joyce M, et al.: Insulin aspart (B28 aspinsulin): a fast-acting analog of human insulin: absorption kinetics and action profile compared with regular human insulin in healthy nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:1501–1506.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Homko C, Deluzzio A, Jimenez C, et al.: Comparison of insulin aspart and lispro: pharmacokinetic and metabolic effects. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2027–2031.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Roach P, Yue L, Arora V: Improved postprandial glycemic control during treatment with Humalog Mix25, a novel protamine-based insulin lispro formulation: Humalog Mix25 Study Group. Diabetes Care 1999, 22:1258–1261.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Weyer C, Heise T, Heinemann L: Insulin aspart in a 30/70 premixed formulation: pharmacodynamic properties of a rapid-acting insulin analog in stable mixture. Diabetes Care 1997, 20:1612–1614.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yki-Jarvinen H, Ryysy L, Nikkila K, et al.: Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999, 130:389–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J: The treat-to-target trial. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:3080–3086.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Feinglos MN, Thacker CH, English J, et al.: Modification of postprandial hyperglycemia with insulin lispro improves glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1997, 20:1539–1542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Landstedt-Hallin L, Adamson U, Arner P, et al.: Comparison of bedtime NPH or preprandial regular insulin combined with glibenclamide in secondary sulfonylurea failure. Diabetes Care 1995, 18:1183–1186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bastyr EJ, Stuart C, Brodows RG, et al.: Therapy focused on lowering postprandial glucose, not fasting glucose, may be superior for lowering HbA1c. Diabetes Care 2000, 23:1236–1241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Henry RR, Gumbiner B, Ditzler T, et al.: Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes. Metabolic effects during a 6-month outpatient trial. Diabetes Care 1993, 16:21–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yki-Jarvinen H, Kauppila M, Kujansuu E, et al.: Comparison of insulin regimens in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1992, 327:1426–1433.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Riddle MC, Schneider J: Beginning insulin treatment of obese patients with evening 70/30 insulin plus glimepiride versus insulin alone. Glimepiride Combination Group. Diabetes Care 1998, 21:1052–1057.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wulffele MG, Kooy A, Lehert P, et al.: Combination of insulin and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:2133–2140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Strowig SM, Aviles-Santa ML, Raskin P: Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:1691–1698. Demonstrates advantages to using metformin and troglitazone in the setting of aggressive insulin therapy.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Strowig SM, Aviles-Santa ML, Raskin P: Improved glycemic control without weight gain using triple therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:1577–1583. Follow-up to previous study showing benefits to using both oral medications in setting of aggressive insulin therapy.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hermansen K, Colombo M, Storgaard H, et al.: Improved postprandial glycemic control with biphasic insulin aspart relative to biphasic insulin lispro and biphasic human insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002, 25:883–888.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bretzel RG, Arnolds S, Medding J, Linn T: A direct efficacy and safety comparison of insulin aspart, human soluble insulin, and human premix insulin (70/30) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:1023–1027.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Raskin P, Bode BW, Marks J, et al.: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injection therapy are equally effective in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2598–2603.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cefalu WT, Skyler JS, Kourides IA, et al.: Inhaled human insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 2001, 134:203–207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kim D, Mudaliar S, Chinnapongse S, et al.: Dose-response relationships of inhaled insulin delivered via the Aerodose insulin inhaler and subcutaneously injected insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2842–2847.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Thompson RG, Gottlieb A, Organ K, et al.: Pramlintide: a human amylin analogue reduced postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 1997, 14:547–555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fineman M, Bicsak TA, Shen LZ, et al.: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing metformin and/or sulfonylurea treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003, 26:2370–2377.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Juhl CB, Hollingdal M, Sturis J, et al.: Bedtime administration of NN2211, a long-acting GLP-1 derivative substantially reduces fasting and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002, 51:424–429.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Koro CE, Bowlin SJ, Bourgeois N, Fedder DO: Glycemic control from 1988 to 2000 among U.S. adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004, 27:17–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Endocrine Clinic, PC, 10000 SE Main Street, #403, 97216, Portland, OR, USA

    Diane M. Karl MD

Authors
  1. Diane M. Karl MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Karl, D.M. The use of bolus insulin and advancing insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 4, 352–357 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-004-0037-1

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-004-0037-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation