Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The ectopic expression of PttKN1 gene causes pleiotropic alternation of morphology in transgenic carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. Though morphological modification of carnation is very important to its commercial value, there have been no relevant reports until now. PttKN1 (Populus tremula × Tremuoides knotted1), isolated from the vascular cambial region of hybrid aspen, is a novel member of KNOX gene family. In this paper, we transformed 35S:PttKN1 to carnation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. All primary transformants subsequently obtained were placed into phenotypic categories and self-pollinated. A total of 32 T0 progeny with aberrant phenotypes were obtained. PCR assay proved the validity of these transgenic plants. Phenotypes of 32 35S:PttKN1 plants were distinct from those of wild-type plants, including: (1) modification of phyllotaxis (15/32): wild-type carnation was with typical opposite phyllotaxis, while transgenic plants displayed tricussate whorled and multiple-cussate whorled phyllotaxis. Irregular modification of phyllotaxis was also observed; (2) modification of stem (9/32): wild-type stems were round; however, some transgenic plants exhibited much thicker and flatter stem; (3) the whole transgenic plants of carnation (8/32) became dwarf. These morphological modifications of carnation indicate that we have successfully attained some novel lines of carnation. These lines can have potential practical applications. In conclusion, the selection of stably genetic lines is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amaya I, Ratcliffe OJ, Bradley DJ (1999) Expression of CENTRORADIALIS (CEN) and CEN-like genes in tobacco reveals a conserved mechanism controlling phase change in diverse species. Plant Cell 11:1405–1418

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baum SF, Rost TL (1996) Root apical organization in Arabidopsis thaliana: root cap and protoderm. Protoplasma 192:178–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bovy AG, Agenent GC, Dons HJM, Van AC (1999) Heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis etrl-1 allele inhibits the senescence of carnation flowers. Mo1 Breed 4:301–308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casanova E, Zuker A, Trillas MIM, oysset L, Vainstein A (2003) The rolC gene in carnation exhibits cytokinin and auxin-like activities. Sci Hortic 97:321–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chuck G, Lincoln C, Hake S (1996) KNAT1 induces lobed leaves with ectopic meristems when overexpressed in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 8:1277–1289

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cuellar S, Bilbao O, Castro C, Nustez C, Rodriguez LE, Mosquera T (1999) Evaluation of the phenotypic characteristics of F1 hybrids from crosses involving 10 carnation varieties (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Acta Hortic 482:291–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey L, Janick J (1991) Organogenesis in carnation. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116:1108–1112

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs C (1963) Fuchsin staining with NaOH clearing for lignified elements of whole plants or plant organs. Stain Technol 38:141–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galun E, Breiman A (1997) Transgenic plants. Imperial College Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Grant GE, Thomson LMJ, Pither-Joyce MD, Dale TM, Cooper PA (2003) Influence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain on the production of transgenic peas (Pisum sativum L.). Plant Cell Rep 21:1207–1210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ha CM, Jun JH, Nam HG, Fletcher JC (2007) BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 and 2 control Arabidopsis lateral organ fate through regulation of LOB domain and adaxial–abaxial polarity genes. Plant Cell 19:1809–1825

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen G, Wright MS (1999) Recent advances in the transformation of plants. Trends Plant Sci 4:226–231

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu X, Wu QF, Xie YH, Ru H, Xie F, Wang XY et al (2005) Ectopic expression of the PttKN1 gene induces alterations in the morphology of the leaves and flowers in Petunia hybrida Vilm. J Intergr Plant Biol 47(10):1153–1158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaligot E, Rival A, Beule T, Dussert S, Verdeil JL (2000) Somaclonal variation in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): the DNA methylation hypothesis. Plant Cell Rep 19:684–690

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kosugi YW, Aki K, Lwazaki Y (2002) Senescence and gene expression of transgenic non-ethylene-producing carnation flowers. Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 71:638–642

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu CY, Nugent G, Wardley-Richardson T, Chandler SF, Young R, Dalling MJ (1991) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Biotechnology 9:864–868

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meng LS, Ding WQ, Hu X, Wang CY (2009) Transformation of PttKN1 gene to cockscomb. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 31:683–691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nadolska-Orczyk A, Orczyk W (2000) Study of the factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Mol Breed 6:185–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakano M, Hoshino Y, Mii M (1994) Adventitious shoot regeneration from cultured petal explants of carnation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 36:15–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savin KL, Baidoette SC, Graham MW (1995) Antisense ACC oxidase RNA delays carnation petal senescence. HortScience 30:970–972

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha NR, Williams RE, Hake S (1993) Overexpression of the maize homeobox gene, KNOTTED-1, causes a switch from determinate to indeterminate cell fates. Genes Dev 7:787–795

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Staby GL, Robertson JL, Kiplinger DC, Conover CA (1976). In: Proc Natl Floricult Conf. Columbus, Ohio, pp 1–77 cited from: Larson RA, ed (1980) Introduction to Floriculture, Academic Press Inc. New York, pp 47–57

  • Staby GI, Robertson JL, Kiplinger DC, Conover CA (1978) Chain of life. Ohio Florists Assoc. Ohio State University, Columbus

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka Y, Tauda S, Kusumi T (1998) Metabolic engineering to modify flower color. Plant Cell Physiol 11:1119–1126

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Kanno Y, Kudo S, Suzuki M (2000) Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura). Plant Cell Rep 19:946–953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka Y, Katsumoto Y, Brugliera F, Mason J (2005) Genetic engineering in floriculture. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 80:1–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winefield C, Lewis D, Arathoon S, Deroles S (1999) Alteration of petunia plant from through the introduction of the rolC gene from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Mol Breed 5:543–551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodson WR, Lawton KA (1988) Ethylene-induced gene expression in carnation petals. Plant Physiol 87:498–503

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yantcheva A, Vlahova M, Antanassov A (1998) Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Plant Cell Rep 18:148–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuker A, Ahroni A, Tzfira T, Hagit BM, Vainstein A (1999) Wounding by bombardment yields highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L). Mol Breed 5:367–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuker A, Tzfira T, Scovel G (2001) RolC-transgenic carnation with improved horticultural traits: quantitative and qualitative analyses of greenhouse-grown plants. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 126:13–18

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Olof Olsson (Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden) for providing the plasmid containing 35S:PttKN1. This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30470863).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Science, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China

    Lai-Sheng Meng

  2. School of YuanPei, Shaoing University, 312000, Shaoxing, China

    Jiang-Ping Song

  3. School of Life Science, LanZhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China

    Lai-Sheng Meng & Chong-Ying Wang

  4. Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 730000, Lanzhou, China

    Shao-Bo Sun

Authors
  1. Lai-Sheng Meng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jiang-Ping Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shao-Bo Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Chong-Ying Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chong-Ying Wang.

Additional information

Communicated by L.A. Kleczkowski.

The authors L.-S. Meng and J.-P. Song contributed equally to this work.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Meng, LS., Song, JP., Sun, SB. et al. The ectopic expression of PttKN1 gene causes pleiotropic alternation of morphology in transgenic carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). Acta Physiol Plant 31, 1155–1164 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0334-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0334-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation