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Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds extracted from Opuntia dillenii cladodes

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Abstract

Opuntia dillenii has been used in folk medicine as a natural remedy for its diverse biological activities and bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to quantify the bioactive substances of cladode extracts (aqueous and ethanolic) of O. dillenii from Djerba Island, Tunisia and evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials. The results showed that O. dillenii cladodes had a high amount of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Interestingly, by LC-MS analysis, we found that most of the phenolic and volatile compounds were present in the ethanolic extract. Indeed, quinic acid (58.78 µg/g), quercetin (11.5 µg/g), rutin (7.02 µg/g), luteolin (4.93 µg/g), cirsiliol (3.22 µg/g) were the major phenolic compounds in O. dillenii ECE. GC-MS analysis of O. dillenii ACE and ECE revealed that n-hexadecanoic acid (13.08%), and stigmastan-3, 5-diene (6.97%) were the main volatile compounds detected in ECE. Correlation analysis showed that the TPC and TFC were significantly correlated with the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Fusarium oxysporum were found to be the most sensitive strains. Finally, the human colon carcinoma cell line Caco-2 was more sensitive to aqueous and ethanolic extracts with an IC50 = 50.89 ± 0.01 µg/mL and IC50 = 40 ± 0.01 µg/mL, respectively than K-562 cell line.

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Abbreviations

AAE:

Ascorbic acid equivalent

ABTS:

2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid

ACE:

Aqueous cladode extract

Caco-2:

Human colon carcinoma cells

CATE:

Catechin equivalent

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium

DPPH:

2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

Dw:

Dry weight

ECE:

Ethanolic cladode extract

FRAP:

Ferric reducing antioxidant power

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

K-562:

Human myelogenous leukemia cells

LC-MS:

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

MBC:

Minimum bactericidal concentration

MFC:

Minimal fungicidal concentration

MHA:

Mueller Hinton agar

MIC:

Minimal inhibitory concentration

MTT:

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NIST:

National institute of standards and technology

QE:

Quercetin equivalent

PDA:

Potatoes dextrose agar

SIM:

Selected ions monitoring

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

TCA:

Trichloroacetic acid

TEAC:

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity

TFC:

Total flavonoid content

TPC:

Total polyphenolic content

Trolox:

6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8 -tetra methyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research through the Research Unit “Valorization of Active Biomolecules” in Higher Institute of Applied Biology Medenine, University of Gabes. Authors are very grateful, also, to Pr. Rachid Chemli, (Professor at the University of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy-Phytotherapy, Monastir, Tunisia) for the identification of the plant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Higher Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, El Jorf road, Post box 522, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia

    Sabrine Ben Lataief, Mohamed-Nizar Zourgui, Rami Rahmani & Lazhar Zourgui

  2. Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès, Tunisia

    Rami Rahmani

  3. Department of Pastoral Ecology, Arid Lands Institute, Medenine, Tunisia

    Hanen Najjaa

  4. Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia

    Néji Gharsallah

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  1. Sabrine Ben Lataief
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Ben Lataief, S., Zourgui, MN., Rahmani, R. et al. Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds extracted from Opuntia dillenii cladodes. Food Measure 15, 782–794 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00671-2

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