Skip to main content
Log in

Exploring traditional chinese medicine by a novel therapeutic concept of network target

  • Feature Article
  • Published:
Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) holds a holistic theory, and specializes in balancing disordered human body using numerous natural products, particularly Chinese herbal formulae. TCM has certain treatment advantages for patients suffering from various complex diseases. However, due to the complex nature of TCM, it remains difficult to unveil such holistic medicine by the current reductionism research strategies, which treat both herbal ingredients and targets in isolation. Recently, an emerging network pharmacology approach has been introduced to tackle this bottleneck problem. A TCM-derived novel therapeutic concept, "network target", which is different from the Western medicine's "onetarget" concept, has been proposed from China. The network target strategy is able to illustrate the complex interactions among the biological systems, drugs, and complex diseases from a network perspective, and thus provides an innovative approach to access ancient remedies in a precision manner and at a systematic level, which also highlights TCM's potential in current medical systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li S, Zhang ZQ, Wu LJ, Zhang XG, Li YD, Wang YY. Understanding ZHENG in traditional Chinese medicine in the context of neuro-endocrine-immune network. IET Syst Biol 2007;1:51–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Li S. Framework and practice of network-based studies for Chinese herbal formula. J Chin Integr Med (Chin) 2007;5:1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hopkins AL. Network pharmacology. Nat Biotechnol 2007;25:1110–1111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Li S. Network target: a starting point for traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology. China J Chin Mater Med (Chin) 2011;15:2017–2020.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Li S, Zhang B, Zhang N. Network target for screening synergistic drug combinations with application to traditional Chinese medicine. BMC Syst Biol 2011;5(Suppl 1):S10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Li S, Zhang B. Traditional Chinese medicine network pharmacology: theory, methodology and application. Chin J Nat Med 2013;11:110–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Hopkins AL. Network pharmacology: the next paradigm in drug discovery. Nat Chem Biol 2008;4:682–690.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Schadt EE. Molecular networks as sensors and drivers of common human diseases. Nature 2009;461:218–223.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Li S, Zhang B, Jiang D, Wei YY, Zhang NB. Herb network construction and co-module analysis for uncovering the combination rule of traditional Chinese herbal formulae. BMC Bioinformatics 2010;11(Suppl 11):S6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Li S. Mapping ancient remedies: applying a network approach to traditional Chinese medicine. Science 2015;350:S72–S75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Barabási AL, Gulbahce N, Loscalzo J. Network medicine: a network-based approach to human disease. Nat Rev Genet 2011;12:56–68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Vidal M, Cusick ME, Barabási AL. Interactome networks and human disease. Cell 2011;144:986–998.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Li S. Network systems underlying traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and herb formula. Curr Bioinf 2009;4:188–196.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhao S, Li S. Network-based relating pharmacological and genomic spaces for drug target identification. PLoS One 2010;5:e11764.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Wu X, Jiang R, Zhang MQ, Li S. Network-based global inference of human disease genes. Mol Syst Biol 2008;4:189.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Yan H, Zhang B, Li S, Zhao Q. A formal model for analyzing drug combination effects and its application in TNF-alphainduced NFkappaB pathway. BMC Syst Biol 2010;4:50.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhao S, Li S. A co-module approach for elucidating drugdisease associations and revealing their molecular basis. Bioinformatics 2012;28:955–961.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang L, Wang Y, Hu Q, Li S. Systematic analysis of new drug indications by drug-gene-disease coherent subnetworks. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2014;3:e146.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Strohl WR. The role of natural products in a modern drug discovery program. Drug Discov Today 2000;5:39–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tu Y. The discovery of artemisinin (qinghaosu) and gifts from Chinese medicine. Nat Med 2011;17:1217–1220.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang T. Studies on treatment of leukemia with traditional Chinese Drugs containing arsenic. Chin J Integr Med 1999;5:89–94.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Li Y, Li R, Ouyang Z, Li S. Herb network analysis for a famous TCM doctor's prescriptions on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:451319.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang B, Wang X, Li S. An integrative platform of TCM network pharmacology and its application on a herbal formula, Qing-Luo-Yin. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:456747.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang Y, Bai M, Zhang B, Liu C, Guo Q, Sun Y, et al. Uncovering pharmacological mechanisms of Wu-tou decoction acting on rheumatoid arthritis through systems approaches: drug-target prediction, network analysis and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2015;5:9463.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Liang X, Li H, Li S. A novel network pharmacology approach to analyse traditional herbal formulae: the Liu-Wei-Di-Huang Pill as a case study. Mol Biosyst 2014;10:1014–1022.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lee SH, Kim CE, Lee IS, Jung WM, Kim HG, Jang H, et al. Network analysis of acupuncture points used in the treatment of low back pain. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:402180.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kim H, Ryu J, Lee J, Lee S. A systems approach to traditional oriental medicine. Nat Biotechnol 2015;33:264–268.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Patwardhan B, Chandran U. Network ethnopharmacology approaches for formulation discovery. Indian J Tradit Knowledge 2015;14:574–580.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Block KI, Gyllenhaal C, Lowe L, Amedei A, Amin AR, Amin A, et al. Designing a broad-spectrum integrative approach for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2015;35(Suppl):S276–S304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shao Li  (李 梢).

Additional information

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81225025 and 91229201)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, S. Exploring traditional chinese medicine by a novel therapeutic concept of network target. Chin. J. Integr. Med. 22, 647–652 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-016-2499-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-016-2499-9

Keywords

Navigation