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‚The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly‘

Esping-Andersens Sozialstaats-Typologie und die konfessionellen Wurzeln des westlichen Wohlfahrtsstaats

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Zusammenfassung

Folgt man dem einflussreichsten Beitrag zur vergleichenden Wohlfahrtsstaatsforschung der letzten Zeit, Esping-Andersens „Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism“, so tritt der entwickelte westliche Sozialstaat in drei Varianten auf: entweder als sozialdemokratisches, als konservatives oder als liberales Wohlfahrtsstaatsregime. Ein genauerer Blick zeigt, dass Esping-Andersens Typenbildung und Länderzuordnungen insbesondere im Fall des konservativen Regimes sehr problematisch sind. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass diese gravierenden Probleme daher rühren, dass seine Theorie vornehmlich den Klassenkonflikt, nur selektiv aber den Einfluss konfessioneller Faktoren in den Blick nimmt. Wesentliche theoretische Widersprüche und empirische Unstimmigkeiten seines Ansatzes lassen sich lösen, wenn man neben der Bedeutung der katholischen Soziallehre für den institutionellen Entwicklungspfad des Sozialstaats auch den Einfluss des Protestantismus, und hier insbesondere den Einfluss der freikirchlichen Strömungen des Protestantismus und des Calvinismus beachtet. Der Beitrag zeigt dies mit vergleichenden Daten sowohl für die Frühphase (1890 bis 1920), als auch für die Hochzeit des entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaats (von 1960 bis 1990).

Abstract

According to the most influential contribution of recent years to the comparative study of advanced welfare states, Esping-Andersen’s ’Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism‘, the welfare state basically comes in three variants: as a social-democratic, a conservative, or as a liberal regime. Yet, at a closer look, in particular the ’conservative‘ regime-type represents a highly problematic category. The article claims that the major problems of Esping-Andersen’s typology and theory originate from his sole focus on the class conflict and his neglect of the religious cleavage. Major theoretical contradictions and empirical puzzles of his approach can be solved if we take not only the impact of the catholic social doctrine on the development of the welfare state into account, but consider also the influence of social protestantism, especially that of protestant dissent and of protestant non-conformism. The paper substantiates this claim with data for the early formative period of the welfare state (1890–1920) as well as for the high-time of the welfare state from the 1960s to the 1990s.

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  1. FB für Politik- und Verwaltungswissenschaft, Universität Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany

    Philip Manow

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Ich danke Jens Alber, André Kaiser, Sven Jochem, Franz-Xaver Kaufmann, Bernhard Kittel, Herbert Obinger und Achim Schmid für Kritik und Kommentare zu früheren Versionen des Papiers. Thomas Plümper und Vera Troeger danke ich für ihre wertvolle Hilfe bei der Datenanalyse.

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Manow, P. ‚The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly‘. Koelner Z.Soziol.u.Soz.Psychol 54, 203–225 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-002-0036-7

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