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Inflammasome Activation by Methamphetamine Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation of IL-1β Production in Microglia

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Abstract

Methamphetamine (Meth) is an addictive psychostimulant abused worldwide. Ample evidence indicate that chronic abuse of Meth induces neurotoxicity via microglia-associated neuroinflammation and the activated microglia present in both Meth-administered animals and human abusers. The development of anti-neuroinflammation as a therapeutic strategy against Meth dependence promotes research to identify inflammatory pathways that are specifically tied to Meth-induced neurotoxicity. Currently, the exact mechanisms for Meth-induced microglia activation are largely unknown. NLRP3 is a well-studied cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which promotes the assembly of the inflammasome in response to the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It is our hypothesis that Meth activates NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and promotes the processing and release of interleukin (IL)-1β, resulting in neurotoxic activity. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of Meth on IL-1β maturation and release from rat cortical microglial cultures. Incubation of microglia with physiologically relevant concentrations of Meth after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) priming produced an enhancement on IL-1β maturation and release. Meth treatment potentiated aggregation of inflammasome adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), induced activation of the IL-1β converting enzyme caspase-1 and produced lysosomal and mitochondrial impairment. Blockade of capase-1 activity, lysosomal cathepsin B activity or mitochondrial ROS production by their specific inhibitors reversed the effects of Meth, demonstrating an involvement of inflammasome in Meth-induced microglia activation. Taken together, our results suggest that Meth triggers microglial inflammasome activation in a manner dependent on both mitochondrial and lysosomal danger-signaling pathways.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Myron L. Toews (Ph.D., University of Nebraska Medical Center; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience) for his critical reading the manuscript and valuable comments that significantly improved the manuscript. Special thanks extend to Professor T. Celeste Napier (Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Rush University, Chicago) for her valuable suggestions on this project. This work was supported by by NIH grant R01 NS077873.

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  1. Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5880, USA

    Enquan Xu, Jianuo Liu, Han Liu & Huangui Xiong

  2. College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6125, USA

    Xiaobei Wang

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Xu, E., Liu, J., Liu, H. et al. Inflammasome Activation by Methamphetamine Potentiates Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation of IL-1β Production in Microglia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 13, 237–253 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-018-9780-y

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