Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Tourism-induced pollution emission amidst energy mix: evidence from Nigeria

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In recent years, there is concerted efforts to boost the tourism industry in Nigeria, and regulatory bodies were created for the tourism industry. This study is contributing to the ongoing debate on the tourism-energy-environment literature. Thus, we explore the linkage between tourism development, energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, and renewable energy consumption in Nigeria for the period of 1995–2016. The present study leverages on Bounds testing to cointegration in a carbon-income function environment while incorporating renewable energy consumption to the econometric framework. Subsequently, autoregressive distributed lag methodology alongside dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) is utilized for robustness of estimations. Empirical results give credence to the energy-induced emission hypothesis in Nigeria. This outcome is suggestive to policymakers as fossil fuel-based energy consumption deplete the quality of the environment. Similarly, the study also affirms the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) phenomenon. The emphasis on Nigerian growth trajectory (real income level) relative to her quality of environment via the channel of economic development and energy consumption from fossil-fuel source is indicated. On the other hand, renewable energy consumption in Nigeria shows significant ability to reduce emission level in Nigeria. This result is insightful, which implies that environmental quality is not threatened with an increase in tourist arrivals, hence tourism does not degrade the environment but is sustainable to the environment. Interesting and laudable for stakeholders’ international tourism arrival did not deplete the quality of the environment. The plausible explanation is attributed to the scale of tourism in Nigeria which at the moment is still low or much more there is caution/awareness on ecotourism for sustainable environment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adedipe A (2018) ‘Star Rating Attributes and Accommodation Performance of Upmarket Hotels in Abuja Territory, Nigeria’ a Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Hospitality in the School of Hospitality and Tourism of Kenyatta University. Kenya available online at https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/19072/Star%20Rating%20Attributes%20and%20Accommodation.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed 11/02/2020

  • Adedoyin FF, Nathaniel S, Adeleye N (2021) An investigation into the anthropogenic nexus among consumption of energy, tourism, and economic growth: do economic policy uncertainties matter? Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(3):2835–2847

    Google Scholar 

  • Adesanya AA, Schelly C (2019) Solar PV-diesel hybrid systems for the Nigerian private sector: An impact assessment. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301421519303428

  • Adesina KI, Ngozi E (2013) Hospitality business vs. environmental sustainability: a study of Soarak hotel and casino, Lagos. Int J Sci Res 2319–7064

  • Albalate D, Bel i Queralt G, Calzada J (2010) Urban transport governance reform in Barcelona. IREA– Working Papers, 2010, IR10/09

  • Alao O, Awodele K (2018) An overview of the nigerian power sector, the challenges of its national grid and off-grid development as a proposed solution. 2018 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica, PowerAfrica 2018, 178–183

  • Alola AA, Yalçiner K, Alola UV, Saint Akadiri S (2019) The role of renewable energy, immigration and real income in environmental sustainability target. Evidence from Europe largest states. Sci Total Environ 674:307–315

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amalu T, Oko U, Igwe I, Ehugbo U, Okeh B, Duluora E (2021) Tourism industry effects on socio-cultural activities of host communities: evidence from Cross River State. Nigeria Geojournal 86(4):1691–1703

    Google Scholar 

  • Balaguer J, Cantavella-Jorda M (2002) Tourism as a long-run economic growth factor: the Spanish case. Appl Econ 34(7):877–884

    Google Scholar 

  • Balsalobre-Lorentes D, Driha OM, Sinha A (2020) The dynamic effects of globalization process in analyzing N-shaped tourism led growth hypothesis. J Hosp Tour Manag 43:42–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekun FV, Agboola MO (2019) Electricity consumption and economic growth nexus: evidence from maki cointegration. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Eng Econ 30(1):14–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekun FV, Emir F, Sarkodie SA (2019) Another look between energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission and economic growth in South Africa. Sci Total Environ 655:759–765

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brau R, Lanza A, Pigliaru F (2003) How fast are the tourism countries growing? The cross-country evidence. The Cross-Country Evidence (September 2003)

  • Brida JG, Cortes-Jimenez I, Pulina M (2016) Has the tourism-led growth hypothesis been validated? A literature review. Curr Issues Tour 19(5):394–430

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhong Z (2019) CO2 emissions, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy production and foreign trade in China. Renew Energy 131:208–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Dantata MA (2011) Meeting the challenges of climate change to tourism: Nigeria’s experience. Available at http://www.iipt.org/IIPT%20Book/articles/Munzali%20Dantata.Meeting%20the%20Challenges.pdf

  • De Vita G, Katircioglu S, Altinay L, Fethi S, Mercan M (2015) Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in a tourism development context. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(21):16652–16663

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekundayo Y (2014) Strategic development and sustainability of Tourism Industry in Nigeria. available at https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2014112917496

  • Engle RF, Granger CW (1987) Co-integration and error correction: representation, estimation, and testing. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 251–276

  • Ghali MA (1976) Tourism and economic growth: an empirical study. Economic Development and Cultural Change 24(3):527–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyamfi BA, Bein MA, Bekun FV (2020) Investigating the nexus between hydroelectricity energy, renewable energy, nonrenewable energy consumption on output: evidence from E7 countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:25327–25339

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidari H, Katircioglu ST, Saeidpour L (2015) Economic growth, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption in the five ASEAN countries. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 64:785–791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.07.081

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johansen S (1988) Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. J Econ Dyn Control 12(2–3):231–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Karim J (2021) Nigerian Tourism; 3 Tough challenges and 5 solutions https://www.academia.edu/35492351/NIGERIA_TOURISM_3_TOUGH_CHALLENGES_and_5_SOLUTIONS

  • Katircioğlu ST (2014) Testing the tourism-induced EKC hypothesis: the case of Singapore. Econ Model 41:383–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Katircioglu ST, Taspinar N (2017) Testing the moderating role of financial development in an environmental Kuznets curve: empirical evidence from Turkey. Renew Sustain Energy 68:572–586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan I, Hou F (2021) The dynamic links among energy consumption, tourism growth, and the ecological footprint: the role of environmental quality in 38 IEA countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(5):5049–5062

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurniawan R, Managi S (2018) Coal consumption, urbanization, and trade openness linkage in Indonesia. Energy Policy 121:576–583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.07.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H, Lee J, Chung N, Koo C (2018) Tourists’ happiness: are there smart tourism technology effects? Asia Pac J Tour Res 23(5):486–501

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin B, Omoju OE, Okonkwo JU (2016) Factors influencing renewable electricity consumption in China. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 55:687–696

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Kumail T, Ali W, Sadiq F (2019) The dynamic relationship between CO2 emission, international tourism and energy consumption in Pakistan: a cointegration approach. Tourism Review

  • Matthew OA, Ede C, Osabohien R, Ejemeyovwi J, Ayanda T, Okunbor J (2021) Interaction effect of tourism and foreign exchange earnings on economic growth in Nigeria. Glob Bus Rev 22(1):7–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Muazu L, Basri R, Noor AZ (2017) Predictors of likelihood of adoption of green practices in hotels: the case of Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. Environ Manag Sustain Dev 6(1):72–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Narayan PK (2005) The saving and investment nexus for China: evidence from cointegration tests. Appl Econ 37(17):1979–1990. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500278103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nathaniel OO, Olaife AV (2021) Tourism, globalization and economic growth in Nigeria. Afr J Econ Rev 9(2):257–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson CR, Plosser CR (1982) Trends and random walks in macroeconomic time series: some evidence and implications. J Monet Econ 10(2):139–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Nissan E, Galindo MA, Méndez MT (2011) Relationship between tourism and economic growth. Serv Ind J 31(10):1567–1572

    Google Scholar 

  • Oluseyi PO, Babatunde OM, Babatunde OA (2016) Assessment of energy consumption and carbon footprint from the hotel sector within Lagos, Nigeria. Energy Build 118:106–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk I (2016) The relationships among tourism development, energy demand, and growth factors in developed and developing countries. Int J Sust Dev World 23(2):122–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk I, Acaravci A (2009) On the causality between tourism growth and economic growth: Empirical evidence from Turkey. Transylvanian Rev Adm Sci 5(25):73–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk I, Al-Mulali U, Saboori B (2016) Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: the role of tourism and ecological footprint. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(2):1916–1928

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesaran MH, Shin Y, Smith RP (1999) Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels. J Am Stat Assoc 94(446):621–634

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesaran MH, Shin Y, Smith RJ (2001) Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. J Appl Econ 16(3):289–326. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qi T, Zhang X, Karplus VJ (2014) The energy and CO2 emissions impact of renewable energy development in China. Energy Policy 68:60–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Rahman ZU, Chongbo W, Ahmad M (2019) An (a) symmetric analysis of the pollution haven hypothesis in the context of Pakistan: a nonlinear approach. Carbon Manag 10(3):227–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2019.1577179

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raza SA, Qureshi MA, Ahmed M, Qaiser S, Ali R, Ahmed F (2021) Non-linear relationship between tourism, economic growth, urbanization, and environmental degradation: evidence from smooth transition models. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(2):1426–1442

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy P, Iwuamadi KC, Ibrahim J (2020) Breaking the cycle of corruption in Nigeria’s electricity sector: a political settlements analysis. ACE SOAS Consortium 020:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Saikkonen P (1992) Estimation and testing of cointegrated systems by an autoregressive approximation. Economet Theor 8:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Saint Akadiri S, Alola AA, Akadiri AC (2019) The role of globalization, real income, tourism in environmental sustainability target. Evidence from Turkey. Sci Total Environ 687:423–432

    Google Scholar 

  • Salehi M, Filimonau V, Ghaderi Z, Hamzehzadeh J (2021) Energy conservation in large-sized hotels: Insights from a developing country. Int J Hosp Manag 99:103061

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarpong SY, Bein MA, Gyamfi BA, Sarkodie SA (2020) The impact of tourism arrivals, tourism receipts and renewable energy consumption on quality of life: a panel study of Southern African region. Heliyon 6(11):e05351

    Google Scholar 

  • Shan J, Wilson K (2001) Causality between trade and tourism: empirical evidence from China. Appl Econ Lett 8(4):279–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharif A, Saha S, Campbell N, Sinha A, Ibrahiem DM (2020) Tourism, environment and energy: an analysis for China. Curren Issues Tour 23(23):2930–2949

    Google Scholar 

  • Shehu AI, Inuwa II, Husseini IU, Yakubu I (2019) Hotel energy application practices in Abuja Nigeria. J Sustain Dev 12(6):27–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Solarin SA, Al-Mulali U, Musah I, Ozturk I (2017) Investigating the pollution haven hypothesis in Ghana: an empirical investigation. Energy 124:706–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.089

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stock J, Watson M (1993) A simple estimator of cointegrating vectors in higher order integrated system. Econometrica 61(4):783–820. https://doi.org/10.2307/2951763

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) 2020 available at International Tourist Numbers Could Fall 60-80% in 2020, UNWTO Reports | UNWTO. Access date 16.02.2021

  • Usman M, Yaseen MR, Kousar R, Makhdum MSA (2021) Modeling financial development, tourism, energy consumption, and environmental quality: is there any discrepancy between developing and developed countries? Environ Sci Pollut Res 1–22

  • Wang L, Tao Z (2013) Dynamic relationship among consumption of renewable energy, economic growth and carbon emission in China. Technol Econ 32(11):99–104

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver D (2011) Can sustainable tourism survive climate change? J Sustain Tour 19(1):5–15

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2020) World Development Indicators. Washington, USA

  • WTTC (2014, 2015) World Travel and Tourism Council, 2014 & 2015. The Authority on World Travel and Tourism: Travel and Tourism Economic Impact on Nigeria

  • World Travel and Tourism Council (2019) The authority on world travel and tourism: travel and tourism economic impact on Nigeria. https://wttc.org/. Accessed 11.02.2020

  • Yetano Roche M, Verolme H, Agbaegbu C, Binnington T, Fischedick M, Oladipo EO (2020) Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria’s power sector: assessment of transition pathways. Clim Policy 20(7):846–865

    Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf MA (2016) ‘Performance assessment of tourism sector as a vital tool of economic growth in Nigeria. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci 6(10):143–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Zuo B, Huang S (2018) Revisiting the tourism-led economic growth hypothesis: the case of China. J Travel Res 57(2):151–163

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Tourism Management, Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, Via Mersin 10, Famagusta, Northern Cyprus, Turkey

    Ruth Bamidele

  2. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cag University, Mersin, Turkey

    Ilhan Ozturk

  3. Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

    Ilhan Ozturk

  4. Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus International University, Via Mersin 10, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey

    Bright Akwasi Gyamfi

  5. Faculty of Economics Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of International Logistics and Transportation, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Festus Victor Bekun

Authors
  1. Ruth Bamidele
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ilhan Ozturk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bright Akwasi Gyamfi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Festus Victor Bekun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Ruth Bamidele: contributed to idea conceptualization of the study. Ilhan Ozturk: supervising and manuscript editing. Bright Akwasi Gyamfi: design, analysis, and conclusion. Festus Victor Bekun: literature search.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ilhan Ozturk.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publish

The authors have provided consent to publish this work is accepted.

Competing interests

The authors have declared no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bamidele, R., Ozturk, I., Gyamfi, B.A. et al. Tourism-induced pollution emission amidst energy mix: evidence from Nigeria. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 19752–19761 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17233-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17233-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation