Abstract
Animal breeding for meat production based on swine, cattle, poultry, and aquaculture is an activity that generates several impacts on the environment, among them the spread of antibiotic resistance. There is a worldwide concern related to the massive use of antibiotics, which causes selective pressure on the microbial community, triggering bacteria that contain “antibiotic resistance genes.” According to the survey here presented, antibiotic resistance-related genes such as tetracyclines (tet), erythromycin (erm), and sulfonamides (sul), as well as the genetic mobile element interferon (int), are the most reported genetic elements in qualitative and quantitative studies of swine, cattle, poultry, and aquaculture manure/wastewater. It has been observed that biological treatments based on waste composting and anaerobic digestion are effective in ARG removal, particularly for tet, bla, erm, and qnr (quinolone) genes. On the other hand, sul and intI genes were more persistent in such treatments. Tertiary treatments, such advanced oxidative processes, are suitable strategies to improve ARG reduction. In general temperature, hydraulic retention time, and penetration of sunlight are the main operational parameters for ARG reduction in treatments applied to animal waste, and therefore attention should be addressed to optimize their efficacy regarding ARG removal. Despite being reduced, the presence of ARG in treated effluents and in biosolids indicates that there is a potential risk of antibiotic resistance spread in nature, especially through the release of treated livestock waste into the environment.
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The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article, including the cited papers with respective DOI.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the following agencies/institutions for their financing support: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazilian National Health Foundation (FUNASA), National Council for Research and Scientific Development (CNPq), and Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP).
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This work was supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) (financing code n°001), Brazilian National Health Foundation (FUNASA) (grant number: 2510001557612017-21), and National Council for Research and Scientific Development (CNPq) (grant number: 423101/2018-8).
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Andressa R Pereira: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, resources, and writing—original draft. Aline G O Paranhos: investigation, resources, and writing—review and editing. Sérgio F Aquino: writing (review and editing), visualization, and funding acquisition. Silvana Q Silva: conceptualization, writing (review and editing), project administration, and funding acquisition.
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Pereira, A.R., Paranhos, A.G.d.O., de Aquino, S.F. et al. Distribution of genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in treated and untreated animal husbandry waste and wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 26380–26403 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13784-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13784-y