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New insights about human tick infestation features: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Abstract

There are many studies that provide information regarding ticks infesting humans. However, there is no a meta-analysis about the global ranks of tick infestation rates and records, global monthly tick bites and annually and periodically trends of tick infestation rates, and the global tick infestation rates among years, mounts, regions, and countries. The study provides new insights about the above objectives in a global context and therefore performed. After a preliminary review of the 610 papers representing objective areas, 241 were selected for detailed meta-analysis. In general, the global ranks of tick species were, respectively, between 0.01–85.4% and 1–53 for human infestation rates and records. Twenty-six and sixteen tick species have more than 10% and 10 records of human tick infestation rates and records, respectively. It seems these tick species tend to be more blood-feeding on humans and as a result can be more dangerous to humans. The outcome of study demonstrated that there is no difference between seasonal human tick infestation patterns in the northern and southern hemispheres. The most global monthly mean tick bites in humans were observed in June then followed in July, August, May, and September. The global annually and periodically trends of tick infestation rates in humans exhibited decreasing trends over the past decades suggesting the preventive measure to prohibit human tick infestation have been successful. It seems that the ranks of tick infestation rates and records in humans may be as two indexes to illustrate the degree of importance of tick infesting humans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Hamid Kassiri

  2. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hassan Nasirian

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  1. Hamid Kassiri
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  2. Hassan Nasirian
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Hamid Kassiri and Hassan Nasirian equally contributed to provide the work with full satisfaction and consent to publish in Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

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Correspondence to Hassan Nasirian.

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This work is a systematic and meta-analysis review that not needed ethical approval and did not receive any technical or financial support from any institution and were done by the authors at their own personal expense.

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Responsible editor: Lotfi Aleya

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Kassiri, H., Nasirian, H. New insights about human tick infestation features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 17000–17028 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13102-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13102-6

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