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The use of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands in Wastewater Treatment

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Abstract

Alternative to conventional (i.e., the commonly used biological plants) wastewater treatment systems are presented which are appropriate for small communities and settlements. These systems are the natural treatment systems. The emphasis here is given on vertical downflow flow constructed wetlands (VF CWs). First, advantages and disadvantages of these systems are presented compared to conventional systems. Applications in treating different types of wastewaters and various pollutants are summarized. Components, treatment processes and performance are also presented. General description of facility compartments, layout and operation is given. Design guidelines on recommended unit areas, organic loading rates and hydraulic loading rates from various EU countries for VF CW systems used in municipal wastewater treatment, and data on the efficiency of such systems are also presented. Maintenance and operation issues are discussed. Finally, investment and operation and maintenance costs are addressed based on data from full-scale facilities.

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  1. Centre for the Assessment of Natural Hazards and Proactive Planning & Laboratory of Reclamation Works and Water Resources Management, Department of Infrastructure and Rural Development, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou, 157 80, Athens, Greece

    Vassilios A. Tsihrintzis

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Tsihrintzis, V.A. The use of Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands in Wastewater Treatment. Water Resour Manage 31, 3245–3270 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1710-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-017-1710-x

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