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The alteration of inflammatory markers and apoptosis on chronic prostatitis induced by estrogen and androgen

  • Urology – Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

The age-related decline of the testosterone-to-estrogen (T-to-E2) ratio in serum is associated with the increased prevalence of prostatic inflammation. The goal of the study was to induce prostatic inflammation with E2 and androgen treatment and to explore the inflammatory markers and apoptosis on prostatitis.

Methods

Castrated SD rats were treated with E2 and different doses of androgens to achieve an elevated concentration of E2 and a wide range of the androgen-to-E2 ratio in serum. Inflammatory markers TNF-α, COX-2 and MIP-1α were immunohistochemically stained. Apoptosis detection was evaluated by TUNEL staining. E2, T and DHT concentrations in serum were measured, and the relative weight of the prostate and seminal vesicles were determined.

Results

T was anti-inflammatory at the doses which normalized or over stimulated the growth of the prostate and seminal vesicles. Experimentally, prostatitis induced by E2 alone increased the prostatic levels of the inflammatory markers TNF-a, COX-2 and MIP-1a. As signs of anti-estrogenic actions, androgens dose-dependently decreased the expression of TNF-α, COX-2 and MIP-1α. Prostatitis induced by E2 alone caused extensive apoptosis in the castrate-resistant cells and E2-induced apoptosis occurred dependently of T manipulation.

Conclusions

Estrogen-alone-induced inflammatory response could promote the expression of inflammatory markers; however, T supplementation reduces the expression of inflammatory markers and E2-induced apoptosis occurs dependently on T manipulation in prostatitis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Science and Technology Major Project of Original New Drug Research of China (Grant No.2011ZX09301-005) and Shanghai “Innovative Action Plan” Experimental Animal Study (Grant No.11140901300 and 11140901303).

Conflict of interest

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Yu-ling Jia & Xu Liu

  2. Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, National Evaluation Centre for the Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai, 200032, China

    Jian-yan Yan, Li-ming Chong, Lei Li, Ai-cui Ma, Li Zhou & Zu-yue Sun

Authors
  1. Yu-ling Jia
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  2. Xu Liu
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  3. Jian-yan Yan
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  4. Li-ming Chong
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  5. Lei Li
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  6. Ai-cui Ma
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  7. Li Zhou
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  8. Zu-yue Sun
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Li Zhou or Zu-yue Sun.

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Jia, Yl., Liu, X., Yan, Jy. et al. The alteration of inflammatory markers and apoptosis on chronic prostatitis induced by estrogen and androgen. Int Urol Nephrol 47, 39–46 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0845-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-014-0845-4

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