Abstract
The periodic analyses of solar flare data have been carried out by different authors for about three decades. Controversial results appear as depending on the analysis techniques and investigated time periods. Considering that different authors applied different methods to different data sets, it seems necessary to reanalyze the periodicity of solar flare index with a unified method. In this study we used two new methods to investigate the periodic behavior of solar flare index data, first for individual cycles 21, 22 and 23, and then for all of them. We used i) the multi taper method with red- and white-noise approximations, and ii) the Morlet wavelet transform for periodicity analysis. Apart from the solar rotation periodicity of about 27 days which is of obvious significance and is found in all examined cycles with at least a 90% significance level, we obtained the following prominent periods: 152 days for cycle 21, 73 days for cycle 22, and 62 days for cycle 23. Finally, we compare our results with the ones previously found. We emphasize the fact that a lesser number of periodicities is found in the range of low frequencies (long periods) while the higher frequencies show a greater number of periodicities. This result might be useful for better predictions of the solar cycles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen, M., Smith, L.A.: 1994, Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 883.
Ataç, T., Özgüç, A., Rybak, J.: 2005, Adv. Space Res. 35, 400.
Ataç, T., Özgüç, A., Rybak, J.: 2006, Solar Phys. 237, 433.
Bai, T.: 2003a, Astrophys. J. 585, 1114.
Bai, T.: 2003b, Astrophys. J. 591, 406.
Bai, T., Sturrock, P.A.: 1987, Nature 327, 601.
Ballester, J.L., Oliver, R., Carbonell, M.: 2002, Astrophys. J. 566, 505.
Ballester, J.L., Oliver, R., Carbonell, M.: 2004, Astrophys. J. 615, 4173.
Chowdhury, P., Khan, M., Ray, P.C.: 2009, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 392, 1159.
Dennis, B.R.: 1985, Solar Phys. 100, 465.
Dröge, W., Gibbs, K., Grunsfeld, J.M., Meyer, P., Newport, B.J.: 1990, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 73, 279.
Fligge, M., Solanki, S.K., Beer, J.: 1999, Astron. Astrophys. 346, 313.
Ghil, M., Childress, S.: 1987, Topics in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Atmospheric Dynamics, Dynamo Theory and Climate Dynamics, Springer, New York, 485.
Ghil, M., Allen, M.R., Dettinger, M.D., Ide, K., Kondrashov, D., Mann, M.E., et al.: 2002, Rev. Geophys. 40, 1.
Ichimoto, K., Kubota, J., Suzuki, M., Toshmura, J., Kurokawa, H.: 1985, Nature 316, 422.
Jenkins, G.M., Watts, D.G.: 1968, Spectral Analysis and Its Applications, Holden-Day, Boca Raton.
Kane, R.P., Vats, H.O., Sawant, H.S.: 2001, Solar Phys. 201, 181.
Kilcik, A., Ozguc, A., Rozelot, J.P., Yesilyurt, S.: 2008, J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 70, 1669.
Kile, J.N., Cliver, E.W.: 1991, Astrophys. J. 370, 442.
Kleczek, J.: 1952. Publ. Astron. Inst. Czech. 24.
Lou, Y.Q., Wang, Y.M., Fan, Z., Wang, S., Wang, J.X.: 2003, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 345, 809.
Morlet, J., Arehs, G., Forgeau, I., Giard, D.: 1982, Geophysics 47, 203.
Oliver, R., Carbonell, M., Ballester, J.L.: 1992, Solar Phys. 137, 141.
Oliver, R., Ballester, J.L., Baundin, F.: 1998, Nature 394, 552.
Özgüç, A., Ataç, T.: 1989, Solar Phys. 123, 357.
Özgüç, A., Ataç, T.: 1994, Solar Phys. 150, 339.
Özgüç, A., Ataç, T., Rybák, J.: 2002, In: Wilson, A. (ed.) Solar Variability: From Core to Outer Frontier, ESA SP-506, 709.
Özgüç, A., Ataç, T., Rybák, J.: 2003, Solar Phys. 214, 375.
Özgüç, A., Ataç, T., Rybak, J.: 2004, Solar Phys. 223, 287.
Pap, J., Tobiska, W.K., Bouwer, S.D.: 1990, Solar Phys. 129, 165.
Polygiannakis, J., Preka-Papadema, P., Moussas, X.: 2003, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 343, 725.
Polygiannakis, J., Preka-Papadema, P., Petropoulos, B., Pothitakis, G., Moussas, X., Pappas, G., Hillaris, A.: 2002, In: Sawaya-Lacoste, H. (ed.) SOLMAG: Magnetic Coupling of the Solar Atmosphere Euroconference and IAU Colloquium 188, ESA SP-505, 537.
Rieger, E., Kanbach, G., Reppin, C., Share, G.H., Forrest, D.J., Chupp, E.L.: 1984, Nature 312, 623.
Sello, S.: 2003, New Astron. 8, 105.
Song, W.B., Wang, J.X.: 2005, Adv. Space Res. 35, 341.
Templeton, M.: 2004, J. Am. Assoc. Var. Star Obs. 32, 41.
Thomson, D.J.: 1982, Proc. IEEE 70, 1055.
Torrence, C., Compo, G.P.: 1998, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 79, 61.
Velasco, V.M., Mendoza, B., Valdes-Galicia, J.F.: 2008, In: Caballero, R., D’Olivo, J.C., Medina-Tanco, G., Nellen, L., Sánchez, F.A., Valdés-Galicia, J.F. (eds.) Proc. 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. 1, 553.
Verma, V.K., Joshi, G.C.: 1987, Solar Phys. 114, 415.
Yin, Z.Q., Han, Y.B., Ma, L.H., Le, G.M., Han, Y.G.: 2007, Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. 7, 823.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kilcik, A., Özgüç, A., Rozelot, J.P. et al. Periodicities in Solar Flare Index for Cycles 21 – 23 Revisited. Sol Phys 264, 255–268 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9567-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-010-9567-7