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Preparation of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitriles using ZnO nano-particles: a comparison between the Box–Behnken experimental design and traditional optimization methods

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Abstract

The Box–Behnken experimental design has been applied to establish the optimized conditions for the synthesis of 2-amino-4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4-phenylpyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitrile over ZnO nano-particles as catalyst. ZnO nano-particles were prepared using the homogeneous precipitation method and 2-amino ethanol as precipitating agent. Three factors, three level Box–Behnken response surface design has been investigated using process parameters such as catalyst (0.05–0.5 mmol), solvent (5–20 mL) and temperature (50–90 °C). The results of the experiments were fitted to two quadratic polynomial models developed using response surface methodology, representing the functional relationship between the time and the yield of products and the experimental parameters. The predicted time and yield for optimal condition is 3.2 h and 94.6 %, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

We are thankful to the Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University Research Council for partial support of this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran

    Asma Baziar

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 517, Najafabad, Iran

    Majid Ghashang

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  1. Asma Baziar
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  2. Majid Ghashang
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Correspondence to Majid Ghashang.

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Baziar, A., Ghashang, M. Preparation of pyrano[3,2-c]chromene-3-carbonitriles using ZnO nano-particles: a comparison between the Box–Behnken experimental design and traditional optimization methods. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 118, 463–479 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-016-1013-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-016-1013-x

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