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Root-released organic anions in response to low phosphorus availability: recent progress, challenges and future perspectives

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Abstract

Background

To improve plant phosphorus (P)-acquisition efficiency to secure sustainable food production, an important step is to increase the concentration of plant-available P in the rhizosphere. Root exudation of organic anions is a key strategy in mobilizing less-available soil P.

Scope

This review covers how organic anions (carboxylates) mobilize soil P and research methodologies applied. It then discusses the root-release of organic anions induced by low P availability and their contribution to soil P mobilization and plant P acquisition, and highlights the impact, challenges and perspectives in this research area.

Conclusions

The release of organic anions is increased considerably in some plant species, but very little in others under low P availability. Rhizosphere organic anions play important roles in increasing plant-available P, but the contribution is greatly affected by many factors. In future research, improved and ecologically meaningful root exudation sampling methods, the use of mature leaf manganese (Mn) concentration or total 14C exudation as a proxy for rhizosphere carboxylates, case-by-case field experiments, molecular mechanisms underpinning organic anion biosynthesis and efflux under low P availability warrant further attention. Finally, carbon costs and multiple root trait combinations (e.g., root hairs plus root exudation) should be considered in crop breeding programs to generate more P-efficient cultivars.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Wenli Ding (University of Hohenheim) for an internal review of our manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and valuable suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Y.W acknowledges the support from Department of Viruses, Bacteria and Nematodes, Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO).

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  1. Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), P.O. Box 115, N-1431, Ås, Norway

    Yanliang Wang

  2. Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China

    Yanliang Wang

  3. School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia

    Hans Lambers

  4. National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China

    Hans Lambers

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Wang, Y., Lambers, H. Root-released organic anions in response to low phosphorus availability: recent progress, challenges and future perspectives. Plant Soil 447, 135–156 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-03972-8

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