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Physiological and biochemical responses of the iron chlorosis tolerant grapevine rootstock 140 Ruggeri to iron deficiency and bicarbonate

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Abstract

Background and aims

Iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis associated with high levels of soil bicarbonate is one of the main nutritional disorders observed in sensitive grapevine genotypes. The aim of the experiment was to assess both the independent and combined effects of Fe and bicarbonate nutrition in grapevine.

Methods

Plants of the Fe chlorosis tolerant 140 Ruggeri rootstock were grown with and without Fe(III)-EDTA and bicarbonate in the nutrient solution. SPAD index, plant growth, root enzyme (PEPC, MDH, CS, NADP+ −IDH) activities, kinetic properties of root PEPC, organic acid concentrations in roots and xylem sap and xylem sap pH were determined. A factorial statistical design with two factors (Fe and BIC) and two levels of each factor was adopted: +Fe and −Fe, and +BIC and −BIC.

Results

This rootstock strongly reacted to Fe deficiency by activating several response mechanisms at different physiological levels. The presence of bicarbonate in the nutrient solution changed the activity of PEPC and TCA related enzymes (CS, NADP+-IDH) and the accumulation/translocation of organic acids in roots of Fe-deprived plants. Moreover, this genotype increased root biomass and root malic acid concentration in response to high bicarbonate levels in the substrate. Bicarbonate also enhanced leaf chlorophyll content.

Conclusions

Along with a clear independent effect on Fe nutrition, our data support a modulating role of bicarbonate on Fe deficiency response mechanisms at root level.

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Abbreviations

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CoA:

Coenzyme A

CS:

Citrate synthase

DW:

Dry weight

EDTA:

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FW:

Fresh weight

MDH:

Malate dehydrogenase

NADP+-IDH:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

PEPC:

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) of Chile and the Erasmus Mundus External Cooperation Window for Chile (Lot 17)-European Union Community for the Doctoral scholarships to Dr. José Ignacio Covarrubias. The authors thank Dr. Javier Abadía for reading the manuscript and providing helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agronomical Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile

    José Ignacio Covarrubias

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viticulture Section, University of Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy

    Adamo Domenico Rombolà

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  1. José Ignacio Covarrubias
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  2. Adamo Domenico Rombolà
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Correspondence to Adamo Domenico Rombolà.

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Responsible Editor: Michael A. Grusak.

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Covarrubias, J.I., Rombolà, A.D. Physiological and biochemical responses of the iron chlorosis tolerant grapevine rootstock 140 Ruggeri to iron deficiency and bicarbonate. Plant Soil 370, 305–315 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1623-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1623-2

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