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The behaviour of EDDHA isomers in soils as influenced by soil properties

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Abstract

FeEDDHA products are applied to correct iron chlorosis in plants and consist of a mixture of EDDHA isomers chelated to iron. In this study such mixtures have been divided into four (groups of) isomers: racemic o,o-EDDHA, meso o,o-EDDHA, o,p-EDDHA and rest-EDDHA. The physical and chemical properties of these isomers differ and hence does their ability to deliver Fe to plants. To come to a soil-specific iron fertilization recommendation, the behaviour of the EDDHA isomers in the soil needs to be understood. This behaviour has been examined in a soil interaction experiment as a function of time, and it has been related to soil properties. The isomer fractions remaining in solution can be ranked racemic o,o-FeEDDHA > meso o,o-FeEDDHA > rest-FeEDDHA > o,p-FeEDDHA, regardless of soil properties. The o,o-EDDHA isomers largely determine the Fe concentration in solution. Although rest-EDDHA also consists of compounds that chelate Fe more strongly than meso o,o-EDDHA, the latter is on average better capable of keeping Fe in solution upon interaction with soil. The principal adsorption surface differs per EDDHA isomer. For racemic o,o-FeEDDHA it is organic matter, for meso o,o-FeEDDHA it is iron (hydr)oxide and for o,p-FeEDDHA clay minerals. Cu and Al are important competing cations. Cu forms soluble complexes with o,p-EDDHA, and Al with meso o,o-EDDHA not chelated to Fe. Al is likely to affect the effectiveness of a potential shuttle effect. The tendency of o,p-FeEDDHA and rest-FeEDDHA to be removed from solution, makes these isomers less effective as iron fertilizer in soil application, in particular on clay soils.

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Notes

  1. These chemicals were kindly provided by AKZO-Nobel.

Abbreviations

o,o-FeEDDHA:

iron (3+) ethylene diamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid) complex

o,p-FeEDDHA:

iron (3+) ethylene diamine-N-(2-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid)-N′-(4-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid) complex

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

DTPA:

Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid

HFO:

Hydrous ferric oxide

ICP MS/AES:

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy/atomic emission spectroscopy

SOC:

Soil Organic carbon

CEC:

Cation Exchange Capacity

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation and gratitude to the following people: AKZO Nobel for financing this project which was initiated by P. Weijters and M. Bugter, P. Nobels for his help with the ICP-measurements, T. Scheperman for the synthesis of the EDDHA stock solutions and G. Vink for practical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, P.O. 8005, 6700 EC, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    W. D. C. Schenkeveld, E. J. M. Temminghoff & W. H. van Riemsdijk

  2. Department CFC-CMS, Akzo Nobel Chemicals BV, P.O. Box 9300, 6800 SB, Arnhem, The Netherlands

    A. M. Reichwein

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  1. W. D. C. Schenkeveld
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  2. A. M. Reichwein
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  3. E. J. M. Temminghoff
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  4. W. H. van Riemsdijk
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Correspondence to E. J. M. Temminghoff.

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Schenkeveld, W.D.C., Reichwein, A.M., Temminghoff, E.J.M. et al. The behaviour of EDDHA isomers in soils as influenced by soil properties. Plant Soil 290, 85–102 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9135-y

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