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Apple russeting as seen through the RNA-seq lens: strong alterations in the exocarp cell wall

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Abstract

Russeting, a commercially important defect in the exocarp of apple (Malus × domestica), is mainly characterized by the accumulation of suberin on the inner part of the cell wall of the outer epidermal cell layers. However, knowledge on the underlying genetic components triggering this trait remains sketchy. Bulk transcriptomic profiling was performed on the exocarps of three russeted and three waxy apple varieties. This experimental design was chosen to lower the impact of genotype on the obtained results. Validation by qPCR was carried out on representative genes and additional varieties. Gene ontology enrichment revealed a repression of lignin and cuticle biosynthesis genes in russeted exocarps, concomitantly with an enhanced expression of suberin deposition, stress responsive, primary sensing, NAC and MYB-family transcription factors, and specific triterpene biosynthetic genes. Notably, a strong correlation (R2 = 0.976) between the expression of a MYB93-like transcription factor and key suberin biosynthetic genes was found. Our results suggest that russeting is induced by a decreased expression of cuticle biosynthetic genes, leading to a stress response which not only affects suberin deposition, but also the entire structure of the cell wall. The large number of candidate genes identified in this study provides a solid foundation for further functional studies.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the ‘Centre Régional de Ressources Phytogénétiques’ (CRRG) for providing the delivery ‘Reinette Parmentier’ and ‘Patte de Loup’ varieties to the CRA-W. Sylvain and Jean-Francois Hausman are grateful to the National research Funds (FNR, Luxembourg) for partial funding (AFR ID: 9208308). The authors also acknowledge Pr. Lucien Hoffmann, Pr. Marc Boutry and Dr. Kjell Sergeant for their critical reading and Aude Corvisy for her precious technical support.

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  1. Plant Cell Wall Integrative Biology, Centre de Recherche Public - Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg

    Sylvain Legay, Gea Guerriero, Amélie Deleruelle, Danièle Evers, Christelle M. André & Jean-Francois Hausman

  2. Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Sylvain Legay & Amélie Deleruelle

  3. Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Rue de Liroux, B-5030, Gembloux, Belgium

    Marc Lateur

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Legay, S., Guerriero, G., Deleruelle, A. et al. Apple russeting as seen through the RNA-seq lens: strong alterations in the exocarp cell wall. Plant Mol Biol 88, 21–40 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-015-0303-4

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