Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate vinorelbine drug exposure and activity in brain metastases of the human MDA-MB-231BR breast cancer model using integrated imaging and analysis.
Methods
Brain and systemic metastases were created by administration of cancer cells in female NuNu mice. After metastases developed, animals were administered vinorelbine at the maximal tolerated dose (12 mg/kg), and were evaluated thereafter for total and unbound drug pharmacokinetics, biomarker TUNEL staining, and barrier permeability to Texas red.
Results
Median brain metastasis drug exposure was 4-fold greater than normal brain, yet only ~8% of non-barrier systemic metastases, which suggests restricted brain exposure. Unbound vinorelbine tissue/plasma partition coefficient, Kp,uu, equaled ~1.0 in systemic metastases, but 0.03–0.22 in brain metastases, documenting restricted equilibration. In select sub-regions of highest drug-uptake brain metastases, Kp,uu approached 1.0, indicating complete focal barrier breakdown. Most vinorelbine-treated brain metastases exhibited little or no positive early apoptosis TUNEL staining in vivo. The in vivo unbound vinorelbine IC50 for TUNEL-positive staining (56 nM) was 4-fold higher than that measured in vitro (14 nM). Consistent with this finding, P-glycoprotein expression was observed to be substantially upregulated in brain metastasis cells in vivo.
Conclusions
Vinorelbine exposure at maximum tolerated dose was less than one-tenth that in systemic metastases in >70% of brain metastases, and was associated with negligible biomarker effect. In small subregions of the highest uptake brain metastases, compromise of blood-tumor barrier appeared complete. The results suggest that restricted delivery accounts for 80% of the compromise in drug efficacy for vinorelbine against this model.
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Abbreviations
- AUC:
-
Area under the curve
- BAT:
-
Brain adjacent to tumor
- BBB:
-
Blood–brain barrier
- BTB:
-
Blood-tumor barrier
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- fu :
-
Unbound fraction
- fu,hd :
-
Unbound fraction in diluted homogenate
- Kp :
-
Integrated total drug partition coefficient between tissue and plasma
- Kp , uu :
-
Integrated unbound drug partition coefficient between tissue and plasma
- PD:
-
Pharmacodynamics
- P-gp:
-
P-glycoprotein (ABCB1)
- PK:
-
Pharmacokinetics
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURES
This work was supported by grants from the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Program (W81XWH-06-2-0033) and the Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (RP120489 and RP110786)
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Samala, R., Thorsheim, H.R., Goda, S. et al. Vinorelbine Delivery and Efficacy in the MDA-MB-231BR Preclinical Model of Brain Metastases of Breast Cancer. Pharm Res 33, 2904–2919 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-2012-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-016-2012-3